Stimulus Statistics Change Sounds from Near-Indiscriminable to Hyperdiscriminable.
Stimulus Statistics Change Sounds from Near-Indiscriminable to Hyperdiscriminable.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0161001
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kluender KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stilp CE;Kluender KR
感官环境中的物体和事件通常是可预测的，这使得冲击感官传感器的大部分能量是多余的。鉴于这一事实，有效的感官系统应该检测、提取和利用可预测性，以优化对不可预测性较低的输入的敏感性，根据定义，这些输入具有更多的信息。知觉系统不仅对物理刺激特性的变化敏感，而且越来越多的证据表明，它对刺激的相对可预测性和刺激中刺激属性的共现性都很敏感。最近的研究结果表明，听觉感知能够快速重组以有效地捕捉刺激属性之间的协方差。声学特性本身在感知上被抛弃，而声音则相对于共生模式被处理。在这里，我们表明，听众区分声音的能力主要取决于他们与刺激属性之间的共变模式的一致或不一致的程度，以及在较小程度上，他们是否经常被听到。当声音经常被听到，并且最小程度地偏离属性间协方差的普遍模式时，它们彼此之间的区别就很差。与之形成鲜明对比的是，当声音很少被听到，并且明显违反协方差模式时，它们变得高度可辨别，辨别能力超出了听觉系统的明显限制。我们还讨论了在知觉组织中这些戏剧性变化的可能的皮层候选物。这些发现支持刺激统计结构的有效编码作为知觉和神经组织的模型。
Objects and events in the sensory environment are generally predictable, making most of the energy impinging upon sensory transducers redundant. Given this fact, efficient sensory systems should detect, extract, and exploit predictability in order to optimize sensitivity to less predictable inputs that are, by definition, more informative. Not only are perceptual systems sensitive to changes in physical stimulus properties, but growing evidence reveals sensitivity both to relative predictability of stimuli and to co-occurrence of stimulus attributes within stimuli. Recent results revealed that auditory perception rapidly reorganizes to efficiently capture covariance among stimulus attributes. Acoustic properties per se were perceptually abandoned, and sounds were instead processed relative to patterns of co-occurrence. Here, we show that listeners’ ability to distinguish sounds from one another is driven primarily by the extent to which they are consistent or inconsistent with patterns of covariation among stimulus attributes and, to a lesser extent, whether they are heard frequently or infrequently. When sounds were heard frequently and deviated minimally from the prevailing pattern of covariance among attributes, they were poorly discriminated from one another. In stark contrast, when sounds were heard rarely and markedly violated the pattern of covariance, they became hyperdiscriminable with discrimination performance beyond apparent limits of the auditory system. Plausible cortical candidates underlying these dramatic changes in perceptual organization are discussed. These findings support efficient coding of stimulus statistical structure as a model for both perceptual and neural organization.