Rebuilding Bosnia: A Model to Emulate or to Avoid?
Rebuilding Bosnia: A Model to Emulate or to Avoid?
复制标题
重建波斯尼亚：效仿还是避免的模式？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. McMahon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. McMahon
国家建设又回来了。在候选人布什的抨击下，乔治·W·布什总统似乎已经意识到，他在9·11事件后制定的外交政策需要美国重新承诺，在饱受战争蹂躏的国家为民主、开放的社会奠定基础。伊拉克的周边立场是独一无二的，但这肯定不是以美国为首的国际社会第一次试图几乎从头开始重建一个国家，也不可能是最后一次。事实上，许多同样的行为者有着惊人相似的目标，在1995.1-9年后突然降临波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那，我们仍然对这一国际建国行动的影响感到疑惑。国际社会做对了什么？本应采取不同做法的是什么？换句话说，波斯尼亚是一个值得效仿的榜样，还是一个值得避免的警示故事？这篇文章认为，波斯尼亚是两者兼而有之，那里的成功和失败为西方国家建设努力的有效性提供了及时的检验。在不到十年的时间里，波斯尼亚已经重建，并在许多方面发生了变化。1992-1995年期间席卷全国的冲突，导致种族清洗运动、集中营和20多万人伤亡
Nation building is back. Bashed by candidate Bush, President George W. Bush seems to have embraced the realization that his post-September 11 for eign policies require a renewed commitment from the United States to building the foundations for democratic, open societies in war-torn nations. The circum stances of Iraq are unique, but this is certainly not the first time the international community, led by the United States, has tried to remake a country almost from scratch, nor is it likely to be the last. In fact, many of the same actors, with strik ingly similar objectives, descended on Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1995.1 Nine years later, we are still left wondering about the effects of this international exercise in nation building. What did the international community do right? What should have been done differently? Put another way, is Bosnia a model to emulate or a cautionary tale of what to avoid? This article contends that Bosnia is both, and that the successes and failures there provide a timely test case for the efficacy of Western nation-building efforts. Within less than a decade, Bosnia has been rebuilt and, in many ways, trans formed. The strife that enveloped the country from 1992-1995 and resulted in ethnic cleansing campaigns, concentration camps, and over 200,000 casualties