Examining Individual Differences in the Within-Person Process of Perceived Stress and Cognitive Functioning to Advance Precision Health: Commentary on "Sex Differences in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Cognitive Trajectories" by Paolillo et
Examining Individual Differences in the Within-Person Process of Perceived Stress and Cognitive Functioning to Advance Precision Health: Commentary on "Sex Differences in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Cognitive Trajectories" by Paolillo et
复制标题
检查感知压力和认知功能的个体差异以促进精准健康：对 Paolillo 等人的“感知压力与认知轨迹之间关系的性别差异”的评论
DOI：
10.1016/j.jagp.2023.01.018
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Henneghan,AshleyM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moore,RaeanneC;Henneghan,AshleyM
Paolillo et al. 1论文为社区居住老年人样本中性别、感知压力、炎症和认知之间的纵向关系的证据增加了新的发现。在他们的论文中，作者发现平均感知压力，性别和时间对执行功能（但不是记忆或处理速度）之间存在显着的相互作用，因此，随着时间的推移，男性的平均感知压力得分越高，执行功能的下降幅度越大，但女性则不然。在两个或更多个时间点具有炎性生物标志物数据的样本子集中，存在显著的相互作用，使得较高的平均感知压力评分与男性而非女性中IL-6随时间的较大增加相关，表明对执行功能障碍的恢复力是压力诱导的炎症的结果。人们普遍认为，在一般人群中，慢性压力和认知功能之间存在负相关关系。越来越多的证据表明，这种关系在慢性疾病患者中加剧，特别是神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病），甚至可能导致慢性疾病病理学。慢性压力和认知功能障碍之间的联系也一直存在于其他慢性疾病中，包括糖尿病，心脏病和癌症（例如2-5）。对慢性压力老年人的研究，如痴呆症患者的照顾者，也发现慢性压力是认知能力下降的危险因素（如6-8）。Paolillo等人的研究为这一不断增长的文献增加了内容，证明了认知正常、总体感知压力水平较低的男性中存在性别特异性效应。虽然这些研究结果提供了对老年人慢性压力认知后果的性别特异性风险的见解，但它们受到组水平分析和每位参与者相对较少的数据点的限制。此外，感知压力数据是在实验室中使用回顾性回忆方法收集的，认知数据仅提供每年一次的认知能力快照。需要对日常压力源和人内认知变异性之间的时间关系进行更精细的理解，以推动科学的发展。Salthouse和Berish 9
The Paolillo et al. 1 paper added new findings to the evidence on the longitudinal relationship between sex, perceived stress, inflammation, and cognition among a sample of community-dwelling older adults. In their paper, the authors found a significant interaction between mean perceived stress, sex, and time on executive function (but not in memory or processing speed), such that higher mean perceived stress scores were associated with steeper declines in executive functioning over time in men but not in women. In a subset of the sample who had at inflammatory biomarker data at two or more timepoints, there was a significant interaction such that higher mean perceived stress scores were associated with greater increases in IL-6 over time in men but not in women, suggesting resilience to executive dysfunction as a consequence of stress induced inflammation. It is generally accepted that there is a negative relationship between chronic stress and cognitive function in the general population. There is growing evidence that this relationship is exacerbated in persons with chronic diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Alzheimer’s disease) and may even contribute to chronic disease pathology. The link between chronic stress and cognitive dysfunction has also been consistently found in other chronic conditions including diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and cancer (eg 2-5). Studies of chronically stressed older adults, such as caregivers of persons with dementia, have also found that chronic stress is a risk factor for cognitive decline (eg 6-8). The study by Paolillo et al. 1 adds to this growing body of literature by demonstrating a sex-specific effect among cognitively normal males with overall low perceived stress levels. While these findings provide insights on sexspecific risk for cognitive consequences of chronic stress in older adults, they are limited by the group level of analysis and relatively few data points per participant. Further, the perceived stress data was collected using retrospective recall methods in the laboratory and the cognition data only provided a snapshot of cognitive abilities at one point annually. A finer-grained understanding of the temporal relationships between daily stressors and within-person cognitive variability is needed to advance the science. Salthouse and Berish9