Musical training enhances automatic encoding of melodic contour and interval structure
Musical training enhances automatic encoding of melodic contour and interval structure
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DOI：
10.1162/0898929041502706
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Pantev, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fujioka, T;Trainor, LJ;Pantev, C
在音乐中，旋律信息被认为以两种形式编码：轮廓代码（音高变化的上/下模式）和音程代码（连续音符之间的音高距离）。最近的一项研究记录了简单旋律中的音高轮廓和音程偏差引起的失配负性（MMN），表明没有接受过正规音乐教育的人会在听觉皮层自动处理轮廓和音程信息。然而，目前尚不清楚音乐体验是否能增强这两种旋律编码策略。我们设计了刺激来分别检查轮廓和间隔信息。在轮廓条件下，有八种不同的标准旋律（80％的试验呈现油），每个由五个音符组成，所有音符的音高都上升，相应的异常旋律（20％）被更改为在最后一个音符上下降。音程条件使用一个五音符的标准旋律，从一个试验到另一个试验，将其移调为八个键，并且在异常试验中，最后一个音符被提高一个全音，而不改变音高轮廓。还有一个控制条件，其中呈现标准音调（990.7 Hz）和异常音调（1111.0 Hz）。来自音乐家和非音乐家的 MMN (MMNm) 的磁对应物是作为响应脑磁图记录的标准和异常试验的偶极矩之间的差异而获得的。音乐家在轮廓和音程条件下的 MMNm 明显大于非音乐家，而对照组条件下的 MMNm 两组相似。音乐家的间隔 MMNm 大于等值线 MMNm。两组均未发现半球差异。结果表明，音乐训练增强了自动记录旋律相对音高结构中抽象变化的能力。
In music, melodic information is thought to be encoded in two forms, a contour code (up/down pattern of pitch changes) and an interval code (pitch distances between successive notes). A recent study recording the mismatch negativity (MMN) evoked by pitch contour and interval deviations in simple melodies demonstrated that people with no formal music education process both contour and interval information in the auditory cortex automatically. However, it is still unclear whether musical experience enhances both strategies of melodic encoding. We designed stimuli to examine contour and interval information separately. In the contour condition there were eight different standard melodies (presented oil 80% Of trials), each consisting of five notes all ascending in pitch, and the corresponding deviant melodies (20%) were altered to descending on their final note. The interval condition used one five-note standard melody transposed to eight keys from trial to trial, and on deviant trials the last note was raised by one whole tone without changing the pitch contour. There was also a control condition, in which a standard tone (990.7 Hz) and a deviant tone (1111.0 Hz) were presented. The magnetic counterpart of the MMN (MMNm) from musicians and nonmusicians was obtained as the difference between the dipole moment in response to the standard and deviant trials recorded by magnetoencephalography. Significantly larger MMNm was present in musicians in both contour and interval conditions than in nonmusicians, whereas MMNm in the control condition was similar for both groups. The interval MMNm was larger than the contour MMNm in musicians. No hemispheric difference was found in either group. The results suggest that musical training enhances the ability to automatically register abstract changes in the relative pitch structure of melodies.