Understanding of Emotions and Empathy: Predictors of Positive Parenting with Preschoolers in Economically Stressed Families
Understanding of Emotions and Empathy: Predictors of Positive Parenting with Preschoolers in Economically Stressed Families
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DOI：
10.1007/s10826-018-01303-6
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Trentacosta, Christopher J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ewing, E. Stephanie Krauthamer;Herres, Joanna;Trentacosta, Christopher J.
目的在一个主要服务于非裔美国人和拉丁裔家庭(N=86dyad；91%非裔美国人)的小型城市Head Start系统的背景下，研究了3-5岁儿童敏感和反应性养育的预测因素。方法母亲和她们的孩子参与了短暂的悲伤诱导(观看一段视频片段，证实了儿童的悲伤诱导)，随后母亲们被要求让她们的孩子参与关于视频的讨论。母子讨论被录制下来，父母的养育行为和母亲的情感由训练有素的评分员编码。控制母亲的言语能力、母亲的促进性情绪智力(了解情绪的适应功能)和母亲移情的各个方面(自我关注与其他聚焦的情绪共鸣)作为在互动任务中观察到的育儿方式的预测因子。结果即使在控制了母亲的言语能力之后，较高水平的母亲促进情绪智力和较低水平的母亲同理心个人苦恼预测了敏感和响应性的养育方式(母亲的敏感性；对孩子的积极态度)。母亲同理心较高的个人痛苦水平预示着严厉和侵入性的父母教育(侵扰行为；愤怒和沮丧的表达)。结论结果有助于了解与父母养育的预测因素有关的知识，特别是积极父母养育的预测因素。研究结果支持父母移情在影响父母养育行为中的重要而细微的作用，并指出促进性情绪智力是敏感和响应性父母养育的额外关联。测量和调查父母的促进性情商和同理心痛苦承受能力的成长，有助于为研究各种育儿支持计划中的变化过程提供创新的新方法。
Objectives This study investigated predictors of sensitive and responsive parenting of 3- to 5-year old children within the context of a small urban Head Start system, serving mostly African American and Latino families (N=86dyads; 91% African American).Methods Mothers and their children participated in a brief sadness induction (viewing a video clip validated for sadness induction in children), and mothers were subsequently asked to engage their child in discussion about the video. Mother-child discussions were videotaped and parenting behaviors and maternal affect were coded by trained raters. Controlling for maternal verbal ability, maternal facilitative emotional intelligence (understanding the adaptive functions of emotions) and aspects of maternal empathy (self-focused vs other focused emotional resonance) were examined as predictors of observed parenting with children during the interaction task.Results Higher levels of maternal facilitative emotional intelligence and lower levels of maternal empathic personal distress predicted sensitive and responsive parenting (maternal sensitivity; positive regard toward child), even after controlling for maternal verbal ability. Higher levels of maternal empathic personal distress predicted harsh and intrusive parenting (intrusive behaviors; expressions of anger and frustration).Conclusions Results contribute to knowledge pertaining to predictors of parenting, particularly predictors of positive parenting. The results support the important and nuanced role of parental empathy in influencing parenting behaviors and point to facilitative emotional intelligence as an additional correlate of sensitive and responsive parenting. Measuring and investigating growth in parents' facilitative emotional intelligence and empathic distress tolerance could help inform innovative new approaches to studying change processes in various parenting support programs.