The recent evolution of UK drug strategies: from maintenance to behaviour change?
The recent evolution of UK drug strategies: from maintenance to behaviour change?
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英国药物策略的最新演变：从维持到行为改变？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mark Monaghan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mark Monaghan
在政治上，某些种类的毒品和毒品的使用与某些种类的犯罪有内在联系的观点- -被称为毒品-犯罪关系- -继续受到重视。这种情况几乎没有减弱的迹象。自1995年以来，一系列战略都包含了这一主题，并制定了政策，试图增加接受治疗的吸毒者人数，以降低犯罪率。通过对相关文献的回顾和对连续的毒品战略和相关政策文件的分析，本文认为，尽管当代毒品政策仍然以这些观念为基础，但减少犯罪率的建议手段正在逐渐发生变化。自2008年以来，在福利制度中越来越多地使用条件限制，加上公开希望“推动”那些从事危险行为的人改变他们的方式，言论发生了显著变化。这似乎与对美沙酮维持治疗的幻想逐渐破灭以及通过促进“戒断”目标来解决毒品犯罪问题的愿望有关。最近，禁欲已经被定义不那么明确的术语“恢复”所取代，但两者都表明了对药物治疗的渴望，而不是维持。本文认为，这种发展是近几十年来在英国社会政策中重新出现的一种悄悄蔓延的道德化的一部分。
Politically, the idea that certain kinds of drugs and drug use are intrinsically linked to certain kinds of criminality – known as the drugs-crime nexus - enjoys continuing salience. This shows little sign of abating. Since 1995, successive strategies have embraced this theme and policies have been developed to try and increase the numbers of drug users entering treatment in a bid to drive down crime rates. Drawing on a review of the relevant literature and an analysis of successive drug strategies and related policy documents, this paper argues that although contemporary drug policy is still underpinned by such notions the suggested means by which crime rates are to be reduced is gradually shifting. Since 2008, there has been a notable change in rhetoric with an increasing use of conditionality in the benefits system coupled with an overt desire to ‘nudge’ those engaging in risky behaviours to amend their ways. This seems to be related to a steady disillusionment with methadone maintenance treatment and a desire to solve the drug-crime problem by promoting the goal of ‘abstinence’. More recently, abstinence has been replaced by the less well-defined term ‘recovery’, but both signal a desire for drug treatment to move away from maintenance. This paper argues that such developments are part of a creeping moralisation that has reemerged in UK social policy over recent decades.