Small-scale diversity of Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from an intertidal sandflat in the Jade Bay (German Bight, North Sea)
Small-scale diversity of Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from an intertidal sandflat in the Jade Bay (German Bight, North Sea)
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翡翠湾（北海德国湾）潮间带沙坪中的 Harpacticoida（甲壳纲、桡足纲）小规模多样性
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
S. Seifried
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作者：
A. Rose;S. Seifried
通过对北海德国湾（Jade Bay）潮间带硬足桡足类（Harpacticoid copepod）群落的快照研究，发现该海区具有较高的小尺度生物多样性：共记录到硬足桡足类1952只，隶属于13科19属32种。其中，外体虫科（Ectinosomatidae）最多，有1232只（63.1%）成虫，包括小拟缓虫（Pseudobradya minor（T. Scott）为优势种（57.4%）。Dacampusia vulgaris（Sars），Remanea arenicolaKlie，Mesochra pygmaea（Claus），Arenopontia subtagleeaKunz和Enhydrosoma garieneGurney等5种的分布范围沿着德国海岸线延伸至易北河以西。本文报道了2种新记录种，即细柄阿氏刺蛾Arenosetella tenuissima（Klie）和白杜氏拟迟眼蕈蚊Pseudobradya beduinaMonard。本研究所记录的大多数物种是典型的脊间桑迪和/或泥泞环境的居民。（物种丰富度：物种数，Jack-knife 1和2估计的物种数，物种丰富度图;异质性：香农指数，稀疏曲线;系统发育/分类关系：分类差异），我们发现只有轻微的差异之间的四个调查小的空间尺度（圆直径从18厘米到20米）的多样性。关于多样性随着规模的扩大而增加的假设[a]必须予以拒绝。这种意想不到的结果可能是由于在采样域上存在或多或少随机排列的物种微斑块的马赛克。显然，所有的城市都或多或少地处于一个单一的生态尺度范围内。轻微的多样性变化，主要是基于较低的物种密度，在20米的规模，可能是由于不断变化的潮汐，或开始重叠的小规模随机micropatches由一个大规模的环境模式。因为我们发现从最小的物种到最小的物种（厘米）至最大调查规模（几十米），生物和/或非生物因素和过程在厘米的空间尺度上的作用被认为是特别相关的潮间带harpacticoid多样性。假设[B]没有显着harpacticoid组合之间的差异调查尺度进行了检验ANOSIM的两个相似性措施，导致不同的结果。余弦相似性表明，所有可能的成对圆组合之间的组合组成没有显著差异，而[B]不得不拒绝Bray-Curtis不相似性，这对两对（A/D，C/D）产生了显著的结果。试验结果之间的差异被认为是由于圆圈D中的物种密度较低造成的，因为Bray-Curtis相异性将相似的监测单元分开，如果差异只是由于丰度的倍数造成的话（Pfeifer等人，1998年）。
Harpacticoid copepod assemblages from an intertidal sandflat in the Jade Bay (German Bight, North Sea) were investigated during a snapshot study, uncovering a relatively high small-scale organismic diversity: 1952 adult Harpacticoida of 32 species were recorded, belonging to 19 genera and 13 families. With 1232 adult specimens (63.1 %), Ectinosomatidae were the most abundant family, containingPseudobradya minor (T. & A.Scott) as the dominating species (57.4 %). For five species,Dactylopusia vulgaris (Sars),Remanea arenicolaKlie,Mesochra pygmaea (Claus),Arenopontia subterraneaKunz, andEnhydrosoma garieneGurney, the distributional range along the German coast line was extended to the area west of the river Elbe. Two species,Arenosetella tenuissima (Klie) andPseudobradya beduinaMonard, were recorded for the first time in the Jade region. Most species recorded in our study are typical inhabitants of interridal sandy and/or muddy environments.Taking into account different aspects of diversity (species richness: species numbers, estimated species numbers by Jack-knife 1 and 2, species richness plots; heterogeneity: Shannon index, rarefaction curves; phylogenetic/taxonomic relationship: taxonomic distinctness) we found only minor diversity differences between four investigated small spatial scales (circles from 18 cm to 20 m diameter). Hypothesis [a] stating increasing diversity with increasing scale had to be rejected. This unexpected result could be caused by the presence of a mosaic of more or less randomly arranged micropatches of species over the sampling domain. Obviously, all citcles were more or less within the range of a single ecological scale. A slight diversity change at the 20 m scale, mainly based on lower species density, may be due to changing tide, or to a beginning overlap of small-scale random micropatches by a larger-scale environmental pattern. Since we found only minor diversity changes from the smallest (centimetres) to the largest investigated scale (tens of metres), biotic and/or abiotic factors and processes acting at spatial scales of centimetres are assumed to be of special relevance for intertidal harpacricoid diversity.Hypothesis [b] of no significant harpacticoid assemblage differences between the investigated scales was tested by ANOSIM for two similarity measures, leading to different results. Cosine similarity revealed no significant difference in assemblage composition between all possible pairwise combinations of circles, whereas [b] had to rejected for Bray-Curtis dissimilarity which produced significant results for two pairs (A/D, C/D). The difference between the test results is suggested to be caused by a lower species density in circle D, since Bray-Curtis dissimilarity is separating similar monitoring units if the difference is only due to multiples in abundance (Pfeifer et al. 1998).