Occurrence and risk assessment of four typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics in raw and treated sewage and in receiving waters in Hangzhou, China.
Occurrence and risk assessment of four typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics in raw and treated sewage and in receiving waters in Hangzhou, China.
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DOI：
10.1021/jf2013937
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发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
C. Tong;Xiajun Zhuo;Yun Guo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Tong;Xiajun Zhuo;Yun Guo
建立了一种灵敏的高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法，结合一步固相萃取，对杭州市的进水、出水和地表水中4种典型氟喹诺酮类抗生素(氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星)的残留进行了检测，中国。各种环境水基质的总回收率为76.8%~122%，无明显的基质效应干扰。环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的最低定量限为17 ng/L，氧氟沙星为20 ng/L，恩诺沙星为27 ng/L。在废水和地表水中均发现了四种典型的氟喹诺酮类抗生素。4种典型氟喹诺酮类抗生素在进水、出水和地表水中的残留量分别为108~1405、54~429和7.0~51.6 ng/L。选择的氟喹诺酮类抗生素对氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星的去除效率分别为69.5%、61.3%和50%，说明活性污泥处理除环丙沙星外是有效的，需要去除城市污水中的这些氟喹诺酮类抗生素。通过测量的环境浓度与预测的无影响浓度的比率来评估对水环境的风险。在这些浓度下，这些氟喹诺酮类抗生素在进水、出水和地表水中都被发现，它们应该不会对水环境构成风险。
A sensitive liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method, combined with one-step solid-phase extraction, was established for detecting the residual levels of the four typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) in influent, effluent, and surface waters from Hangzhou, China. For the various environmental water matrices, the overall recoveries were from 76.8 to 122%, and no obvious interferences of matrix effect were observed. The limit of quantitation of this method was estimated to be 17 ng/L for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, 20 ng/L for ofloxacin, and 27 ng/L for enrofloxacin. All of the four typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics were found in the wastewaters and surface waters. The residual contents of the four typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics in influent, effluent, and surface water samples are 108-1405, 54-429, and 7.0-51.6 ng/L, respectively. The removal rates of the selected fluoroquinolone antibiotics were 69.5 (ofloxacin), 61.3 (norfloxacin), and 50% (enrofloxacin), indicating that activated sludge treatment is effective except for ciprofloxacin and necessary to remove these fluoroquinolone antibiotics in municipal sewage. The risk to the aquatic environment was estimated by a ratio of measured environmental concentration and predicted no-effect concentration. At the concentrations, these fluoroquinolone antibiotics were found in influent, effluent, and surface waters, and they should not pose a risk for the aquatic environment.