Singularities in nearly uniform one-dimensional condensates due to quantum diffusion

Singularities in nearly uniform one-dimensional condensates due to quantum diffusion
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由于量子扩散而导致近乎均匀的一维凝聚体中的奇点

DOI:
10.1103/physreva.104.l041303
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Physical review and Physical review letters index
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
C. L. Baldwin, P. Bienias
C. L. Baldwin, P. Bienias
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. L. Baldwin, P. Bienias

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耗散系统通常表现出与波长相关的损耗率。一个突出的例子是由电磁诱导透明形成的里德伯极化激元,它长期以来一直是研究相互作用光子物理学的主要候选者,也有望成为量子信息的平台。在这个系统中,耗散是量子扩散的形式,即,与(作为波矢)成比例,在长波长处消失。在这里,我们表明,一维冷凝受到这种类型的损失是不稳定的长波长的密度波动在一个不寻常的方式:经过一段长时间的冷凝似乎放松到一个统一的状态,局部耗尽区迅速形成和传播弹道整个系统。我们将这种行为连接到几乎均匀凝聚的领先阶方程-一个色散模拟的Kardar-Parisi-Zhang方程-在有限时间内发展奇点。此外,我们表明,在一对流体动力学方程中的纯耗散孤子描述的耗尽区的波前,没有对应的无损凝聚。最后,我们讨论的条件下,这种奇异性和由此产生的孤子可以物理实现。
Dissipative systems often exhibit wavelength-dependent loss rates. One prominent example is Rydberg polaritons formed by electromagnetically induced transparency, which have long been a leading candidate for studying the physics of interacting photons and also hold promise as a platform for quantum information. In this system, dissipation is in the form of quantum diffusion, i.e., proportional to(being the wavevector) and vanishing at long wavelengths as. Here, we show that one-dimensional condensates subject to this type of loss are unstable to long-wavelength density fluctuations in an unusual manner: after a prolonged period in which the condensate appears to relax to a uniform state, local depleted regions quickly form and spread ballistically throughout the system. We connect this behavior to the leading-order equation for the nearly uniform condensate—a dispersive analog to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation—which develops singularities in finite time. Furthermore, we show that the wavefronts of the depleted regions are described by purely dissipative solitons within a pair of hydrodynamic equations, with no counterpart in lossless condensates. We close by discussing conditions under which such singularities and the resulting solitons can be physically realized.
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