Cellular and bacterial profiles associated with oral epithelium-microbiota interactions.
Cellular and bacterial profiles associated with oral epithelium-microbiota interactions.
复制标题
与口腔上皮-微生物群相互作用相关的细胞和细菌特征。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00322.x
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
18.6
通讯作者：
Lamont,RichardJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mans,JeffreyJ;Hendrickson,ErikL;Hackett,Murray;Lamont,RichardJ
在过去的几年中，使用全球概况分析方法的势头有所增加，许多研究已经将这些方法纳入其中，以便深入了解宿主-微生物相遇期间以前未检测到的宿主或微生物反应。NIH Pubmed上有超过100项研究使用微阵列或类似技术来评估观察到的生理结果的转录基础。此外，这些研究揭示了高水平的转录活性，这是不容易观察到的，事实上，往往表型沉默;推测细胞的企图，以维持稳态和共生和谐（12，28）。此外，蛋白质组学的研究，概况整个阿森纳的蛋白质存在于一个细胞在给定的时间，现在也是可能的。每种技术都有其自身的优点和局限性，这些技术本身在其他地方进行了审查（3，10，16，19，20，30，34）。如前所述，上皮是人类感染的第一道防线，始于粘膜（4，7），几项研究已经证明了上皮对微生物接触的特异性和活性。上皮细胞对细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物攻击的反应已经对上皮细胞在宿主防御中的作用产生了重要的认识。除了作为物理屏障的被动作用外，上皮还积极参与免疫效应物的招募，并可以通过防御素和其他先天免疫机制直接抵御微生物。尽管可以从研究上皮的转录或蛋白质组学方法中获得有用的信息，但仅进行了有限数量的专门针对口腔上皮的研究。甚至更少的是专门针对口腔上皮的宿主-病原体相互作用的探针，因为许多全球基因组研究都集中在口腔癌发生上。尽管如此，分析宿主上皮细胞和/或感染微生物已成为一个有用的报告特定的相互作用。已经进行了体外和体内研究，这些研究已经产生了牙周病进展的潜在标志物、治疗的新靶点，并提高了对宿主-病原体串扰的一般理解。这篇综述将突出一些重要的研究，已进行深入了解与口腔相关的细胞和细菌的转录和蛋白质组学概况。一般来说，我们将考虑故事的两个方面;宿主的观点和殖民微生物的观点。最后，将考虑该领域的现状，并提出一些建议，以最好地利用现有数据，克服现有的挑战，以了解口腔中宿主和微生物之间复杂的相互作用。
In the last several years, the momentum towards utilizing global profiling methods has increased, and many studies have incorporated these approaches in order to gain insights into previously undetected host or microbe responses during the host-microbe encounter. Over 100 studies available on NIH Pubmed have used microarrays or similar technologies to assess the transcriptional basis for observed physiological outcomes. Further, these studies have revealed a high level of transcriptional activity that is not readily observable and, indeed, often phenotypically silent; presumably the cell’s attempt to maintain homeostasis and symbiotic harmony (12, 28). Additionally, proteomic studies which profile the entire arsenal of proteins present in a cell at a given time are now also possible. Each technique has its own advantages and limitations, and the technologies themselves are reviewed elsewhere (3, 10, 16, 19, 20, 30, 34). As also reviewed previously, the epithelium is the first line of defense to human infections initiating at mucosal membranes (4, 7), and several studies have demonstrated the specific and active nature of the epithelial response to microbial encounters. The response of the epithelium to bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal challenge has yielded significant insights into the role of the epithelium in host defense. In addition to a passive role as a physical barrier, the epithelium actively participates in the recruitment of immune effectors, and can directly fend off microbes via defensins and other innate immune mechanisms.Despite the useful information that can be gained from transcriptional or proteomic approaches that study the epithelium, only a limited number of studies have been performed which are specifically targeted to the oral epithelium. Even fewer are targeted specifically to probe host-pathogen interactions of the oral epithelium, as many global genomic studies focus on oral carcinogenesis. Nonetheless, profiling of the host epithelium and/or the infecting microbe has emerged as a useful reporter of specific interactions. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed which have yielded potential markers for periodontal disease progression, novel targets for therapeutics, and have improved the general understanding of host-pathogen cross talk. This review will highlight some important studies which have been conducted to gain insight into cellular and bacterial transcriptional and proteomic profiles associated with the oral cavity. In general, we will consider both sides of the story; the host perspective and that of the colonizing microbe. In closing, the state of the field will be considered and some suggestions will be made to best utilize existing data and overcome existing challenges to understanding the complex interplay between host and microbe in the oral cavity.