Patternable Solvent-Processed Thermoplastic Graphite Electrodes
Patternable Solvent-Processed Thermoplastic Graphite Electrodes
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DOI：
10.1021/jacs.7b06173
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发表时间：
2017-09-13
影响因子：
15
通讯作者：
Henry, Charles S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klunder, Kevin J.;Nilsson, Zach;Henry, Charles S.
自20世纪50年代发明以来，复合碳电极已被广泛应用于从电池和燃料电池到化学传感器的各种应用中，因为它们易于在毫米尺度上制造和图案化。尽管它们被广泛使用，但传统的碳复合电极相对于金属和玻璃碳电极具有低于标准的电化学。因此，迫切需要新型复合碳电极，其具有高度电化学活性，具有通用且易于制造成复杂几何形状，具有高度导电性，并且成本低。本文提出了一种新的溶剂基方法，用于制备含有热塑性粘合剂的低成本复合石墨电极。电极，这是所谓的热塑性电极（TPE），易于制造和图案，提供优异的电化学性能，并具有高电导率（700 S m（-1））。热塑性粘合剂使得电极能够被热压纹、模制、模板化和/或用CO2激光切割成各种复杂图案。至关重要的是，这些电极在峰值电流、峰值分离和对电荷转移的阻力方面比传统的碳电极有显著的改善。发现电极组成、表面处理（砂磨、抛光、等离子体处理）和石墨源的影响显著影响制造、图案化、导电性和电化学性能。在优化条件下，电极产生的响应类似于更昂贵且难以制造的石墨烯和高度取向的热解石墨电极。本文报道的TPE电极系统提供了一种用于制造高性能碳电极的新方法，其应用范围从传感到电池。
Since their invention in the 1950s, composite carbon electrodes have been employed in a wide variety of applications, ranging from batteries and fuel cells to chemical sensors, because they are easy to make and pattern at millimeter scales. Despite their widespread use, traditional carbon composite electrodes have substandard electrochemistry relative to metallic and glassy carbon electrodes. As a result, there is a critical need for new composite carbon electrodes that are highly electrochemically active, have universal and easy fabrication into complex geometries, are highly conductive, and are low cost. Herein, a new solvent-based method is presented for making low-cost composite graphite electrodes containing a thermoplastic binder. The electrodes, which are termed thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs), are easy to fabricate and pattern, give excellent electrochemical performance, and have high conductivity (700 S m(-1)). The thermoplastic binder enables the electrodes to be hot embossed, molded, templated, and/or cut with a CO2 laser into a variety of intricate patterns. Crucially, these electrodes show a marked improvement in peak current, peak separation, and resistance to charge transfer over traditional carbon electrodes. The impact of electrode composition, surface treatment (sanding, polishing, plasma treatment), and graphite source were found to significantly impact fabrication, patterning, conductivity, and electrochemical performance. Under optimized conditions, electrodes generated responses similar to more expensive and difficult to fabricate graphene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes. The TPE electrode system reported here provides a new approach for fabricating high performance carbon electrodes with utility in applications ranging from sensing to batteries.