Allocation of the epidermis to stomata relates to stomatal physiological control: Stomatal factors involved in the evolutionary diversification of the angiosperms and development of amphistomaty
Allocation of the epidermis to stomata relates to stomatal physiological control: Stomatal factors involved in the evolutionary diversification of the angiosperms and development of amphistomaty
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.04.010
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Centritto, Mauro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haworth, Matthew;Scutt, Charles P.;Centritto, Mauro
叶表皮分配给气孔的比例（EP%）和气孔功能（调节气孔面积以调节气孔导度的能力：G（s））是叶片气体交换的关键组成部分，可能在植物进化中起着重要作用。我们研究了在G（s）（G（s50%））的变化速度在从稳态条件下的光暗和EP%在31维管植物不同的进化起源的过渡。在所有物种中，EP %与G（s50%）和光照停止后G减少的幅度（GLIGHT-GsDARK）相关。那些物种具有较高的绝对和相对G（s50%）值往往分布气孔更均匀的远轴和近轴叶表面，而较低的Gs 509/a的物种只利用一个叶表面的气体交换。在植物生殖发育的相对早期阶段分化的组，包括蕨类植物，裸子植物和基部被子植物，表现出较低的EP%和G 00%，并且比最近分化的被子植物花费更长的时间来实现G（s）的初始50%降低（T-50%）;特别是，双气孔单子叶草，其也表现出较高的光合作用和G（s）的绝对速率。我们建议，在过去的1亿年中，由[CO2]下降引起的选择性压力有利于更大的分配表皮气孔，增加amphistomaty（存在气孔的远轴面和近轴面）和更快的控制G（S）在最近派生的被子植物组。因此，改变光合作用以提高C3作物的碳和水利用效率，可能需要同时增加气孔密度和气孔对环境压力迅速作出反应的能力。
The proportion of the leaf epidermis allocated to stomata (EP%) and stomatal function (the capacity to adjust stomatal pore area to regulate stomatal conductance: G(s)) are key components in leaf gas exchange, and have likely played a major role in plant evolution. We examined the velocity of change in G(s) (G(s50%)) during a transition from steady state conditions in the light to darkness and EP% in 31 vascular plants with diverse evolutionary origins. Across all species, EP % correlated to G(s50%) and the magnitude of G, reduction (GLIGHT-GsDARK) after the cessation of illumination. Those species with higher absolute and relative G(s50%) values tended to distribute stomata more evenly over the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces, whereas species with lower Gs509/a utilised only one leaf surface for gas exchange. Groups that diverged at relatively early stages in plant phylogeny, including ferns, gymnosperms and basal angiosperms, exhibited lower EP% and G00%, and took longer to achieve the initial 50% reduction in G(s) (T-50%) than the more recently diverging angiosperms; in particular, the amphistomatous monocot grasses, which also showed higher absolute rates of photosynthesis and G(s). We propose that selective pressures induced by declining [CO2] over the past 100 Myr have favoured greater allocation of the epidermis to stomata, increased amphistomaty (the presence of stomata on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces) and faster control of G(s) in the more recently derived angiosperm groups. Modification of photosynthesis to enhance the carbon and water use efficiencies of C3 crops may therefore require concurrent increases in stomatal density and in the capacity of stomata to react quickly to environmental pressures.