Mate-finding Allee effects can be exacerbated or relieved by sexual cannibalism.
Mate-finding Allee effects can be exacerbated or relieved by sexual cannibalism.
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性同类相食可能会加剧或缓解寻找配偶的阿利效应。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13214
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fisher AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher AM
当个体或种群的存活率因种群较小或稀疏而下降时，就会产生Allee效应。Allee效应的一个关键机制是在低密度下很难找到配偶。如果雌性依赖大量雄性成功繁殖，物种可能特别容易受到寻找配偶Allee效应的影响。在性食人物种中，雌性在交配前或交配后可能会吃掉雄性，潜在地减少雄性的供应，以至于发生寻找配偶的Allee效应。在这项研究中，我们调查了性相食对寻找配偶Allee效应的调节程度，以及在什么情况下，性同类可能特别有害于种群的生存。我们创建了一个基于个体的模型，在整个繁殖季节跟踪特定的雌性，并使用灭绝风险和人均增长率来衡量Allee效应的强度。我们相互独立地改变创始人群体大小和交配相遇率，以揭示驱动Allee效应的机制。我们还分析了自相残杀对雌性生殖力的影响。我们发现，性自相残杀可能会导致高灭绝风险，特别是当同类相食发生在交配前，创始种群规模小，交配相遇率低的时候。然而，如果自相残杀足够增加雌性的繁殖力，交配后的自相残杀可以降低灭绝风险。我们发现存在很强的阈值效应，相遇率的微小变化可以强烈地改变种群灭绝的风险。我们发现，随着种群规模和交配相遇率的下降，有性相食可能会对种群生存产生负面影响。在人口减少的情况下，如果男性素质下降，女性饥饿增加，这种情况可能会加剧。由于许多顶级无脊椎动物捕食者，如蜘蛛和螳螂，是性同类，这可能会对整个生态系统产生影响。我们还提出，当栖息地质量下降时，其他生殖行为，如拒绝除高质量配偶外的所有配偶或要求多个配偶以确保生育，也可能导致寻找配偶的Allee效应。
Allee effects occur when individual or population survival decreases due to populations being small or sparse. A key mechanism underlying Allee effects is difficulty in finding mates at low densities. Species may be particularly vulnerable to mate‐finding Allee effects if females rely on an abundance of males to reproduce successfully. In sexually cannibalistic species, females may consume males before or after copulation, potentially reducing the supply of males to the point where a mate‐finding Allee effect occurs.In this study, we investigate the extent to which sexual cannibalism can modulate mate‐finding Allee effects, and the conditions under which sexual cannibalism is likely to be particularly detrimental to population viability.We created an individual‐based model that tracked specific females throughout the breeding season and used extinction risk and per capita growth rate to measure the strength of the Allee effects. We varied both founder population size and mate encounter rate independently of each other to expose the mechanism driving the Allee effects. We also analysed how cannibalism‐derived female fecundity benefits affected extinction risk.We found that sexual cannibalism could lead to high extinction risk, particularly when cannibalism occurred before copulation, founder population size was small and mate encounter rates were low. However, post‐copulatory cannibalism reduced extinction risk, if cannibalism increased female fecundity enough. We found that there were strong threshold effects, in which small changes in encounter rate could strongly alter population extinction risk.We find that sexual cannibalism is likely to negatively impact population survival as population size and mate encounter rate decrease. This may be exacerbated if male quality declines and female hunger increases in declining populations. As many top invertebrate predators, such as spiders and mantises, are sexually cannibalistic, this may have ecosystem‐wide impacts. We also suggest that other reproductive behaviours, such as rejecting all but high‐quality mates or requiring multiple mates to ensure fertility, are also likely to cause mate‐finding Allee effects when habitat quality degrades.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Zimmer SM;Welke KW;Schneider JM
通讯作者：
Schneider JM
影响因子：
0.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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钓鱼蜘蛛的密度依赖性攻击、求爱和性别比例
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Fisher;Tom A R Price
通讯作者：
Tom A R Price
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Gibson, Jeremy S.;Uetz, George W.
通讯作者：
Uetz, George W.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Barry, Katherine L.;Holwell, Gregory I.;Herberstein, Marie E.
通讯作者：
Herberstein, Marie E.