Identification of Hotspots in the European Union for the Introduction of Four Zoonotic Arboviroses by Live Animal Trade
Identification of Hotspots in the European Union for the Introduction of Four Zoonotic Arboviroses by Live Animal Trade
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0070000
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发表时间：
2013-07-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chevalier, Veronique
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Durand, Benoit;Lecollinet, Sylvie;Chevalier, Veronique
活动物贸易被认为是将病毒从地方病疫源地引入无疫区的主要方式。由于社会和行为的变化，一些野生动物物种现在可能被视为宠物物种。因此，参与国际贸易的动物的物种多样性正在增加。这可能有利于具有广泛宿主范围的病原体，如虫媒病毒。本研究的目的是分析在欧盟（EU）引入四种影响人类和马匹的虫媒病毒（东部和西部马脑脊髓炎，委内瑞拉马脑炎和日本脑炎）的活动物进口所带来的风险。将五年期（2005-2009年，从欧盟TRACES数据库中提取）的进口数据、环境数据（用作病媒存在的替代数据）以及马和人类人口密度数据（影响临床病例的发生）相结合，得出病毒引入的空间明确风险指标以及此类引入的潜在后果。结果表明，在比利时、荷兰和意大利北部存在传入风险最高的热点。东部马脑脊髓炎的风险高于其他三种疾病。这主要是由于外来宠物物种，如啮齿动物，爬行动物或笼鸟，从各种不同的地理来源的小型集装箱进口。这些动物的物种和来源多样性的增加可能在未来对欧盟引入虫媒病毒的风险产生强烈影响。
Live animal trade is considered a major mode of introduction of viruses from enzootic foci into disease-free areas. Due to societal and behavioural changes, some wild animal species may nowadays be considered as pet species. The species diversity of animals involved in international trade is thus increasing. This could benefit pathogens that have a broad host range such as arboviruses. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk posed by live animal imports for the introduction, in the European Union (EU), of four arboviruses that affect human and horses: Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. Importation data for a five-years period (2005-2009, extracted from the EU TRACES database), environmental data (used as a proxy for the presence of vectors) and horses and human population density data (impacting the occurrence of clinical cases) were combined to derive spatially explicit risk indicators for virus introduction and for the potential consequences of such introductions. Results showed the existence of hotspots where the introduction risk was the highest in Belgium, in the Netherlands and in the north of Italy. This risk was higher for Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) than for the three other diseases. It was mainly attributed to exotic pet species such as rodents, reptiles or cage birds, imported in small-sized containments from a wide variety of geographic origins. The increasing species and origin diversity of these animals may have in the future a strong impact on the risk of introduction of arboviruses in the EU.