The Role of Sulfated Materials for Biodiesel Production from Cheap Raw Materials
The Role of Sulfated Materials for Biodiesel Production from Cheap Raw Materials
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DOI：
10.3390/catal12020223
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发表时间：
2022-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Brandon Lowe;J. Gardy;A. Hassanpour
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brandon Lowe;J. Gardy;A. Hassanpour
目前迫切需要减少全球温室气体排放，但迄今为止，交通运输业的脱碳工作进展缓慢，尤其困难。虽然生物柴油等化石燃料替代品可能有助于向污染更少的社会过渡，但目前所需的工业规模生产严重依赖化学催化。传统的两步均相路线需要将催化剂从所得产物中分离出来；然而，多相固体催化剂带来了新的问题，如材料稳定性、比表面积、孔隙率、失活效应以及在温和条件下降低反应活性等。纳米材料提供了一个有吸引力的解决方案，提供了均相催化剂的高反应性，而没有复杂的可回收性问题。反应性稍低的酸性硫酸盐纳米材料也可能对原料杂质表现出更大的稳定性，延长了使用寿命，并提高了对一系列起始原料的通用性。然而，在证明这种催化剂的全面可行性方面仍有许多工作要做。本文综述了用于生物柴油生产的酸性硫酸纳米催化剂的最新进展，特别关注金属氧化物、磁性纳米颗粒、二氧化硅支撑的纳米材料和酸性碳纳米催化剂。包括对当前文献进展的各种总结，以及对未来研究的建议。
There is an urgent need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, yet to date the decarbonization of the transportation industry has been slow and of particular difficulty. While fossil fuel replacements such as biodiesel may aid the transition to a less polluting society, production at the industrial scales required is currently heavily dependent on chemical catalysis. Conventional two-step homogenous routes require the challenging separation of catalyst from the obtained product; however, heterogenous solid catalysts bring new considerations such as material stability, surface area, porosity, deactivation effects, and reduced reactivities under mild conditions. Nanomaterials present an attractive solution, offering the high reactivity of homogenous catalysts without complex recyclability issues. Slightly less reactive, acidic sulfated nanomaterials may also demonstrate greater stability to feedstock impurity, extending lifetime and improved versatility to a range of starting feeds. There remains, however, much work to be done in demonstrating the full-scale feasibility of such catalysts. This review explores recent developments over time in acidic sulfated nanocatalysis for biodiesel production, with particular focus on metal oxides, magnetic nanoparticles, silica-supported nanomaterials, and acidic carbon nanocatalysts. Included are various summaries of current progress in the literature, as well as recommendations for future research.