Differential sensitivity to alcohol reinforcement in groups of men at risk for distinct alcoholism subtypes
Differential sensitivity to alcohol reinforcement in groups of men at risk for distinct alcoholism subtypes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb04297.x
复制
发表时间：
1998-05-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Vassileva, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conrod, PJ;Pihl, RO;Vassileva, J
本研究探讨酗酒的家族和人格风险因素与个体对酒精的积极和消极强化特性的敏感性差异之间的关系。我们将16名有多代酗酒家族史的男性酗酒者的儿子（MFH）和11名自我报告对焦虑高度敏感（HAS）的男性与13名年龄匹配的家族史阴性、低焦虑敏感男性（FH-LAS）在清醒和酒精中毒反应模式上进行比较。我们感兴趣的是酒精对“刺激反应”、焦虑和奖励奖励等特定心理生理指标的影响。酒精显著降低了MFH和HAS患者对厌恶刺激的心率反应，但FH-LAS组没有。酒精诱发的皮肤电反应对厌恶刺激（一项焦虑/恐惧抑制指数）的改变证明了酒精诱发的特质，而相对于FH-LAS男性，MFH男性表现出更高的酒精中毒静息心率（一项精神刺激指数）。结果被解释为反映了酒精在两种高危人群中对“刺激反应抑制”效应的敏感性，而在HAS组和MFH组中对酒精的恐惧抑制和精神刺激特性的人群特异性敏感性。
The present study examines the relationship of familial and personality risk factors for alcoholism to individual differences in sensitivity to the positively and negatively reinforcing properties of alcohol. Sixteen sons of male alcoholics with multigenerational family histories of alcoholism (MFH) and 11 men who self-report heightened sensitivity to anxiety (HAS) were compared with 13 age-matched family history negative, low anxiety sensitive men (FH-LAS) on sober and alcohol-intoxicated response patterns, We were interested in the effects of alcohol on specific psychophysiological indices of "stimulus reactivity," anxiety, and incentive reward. Alcohol significantly dampened heart rate reactivity to aversive stimulation for the MFH and HAS men equally, yet did not for the FH-LAS group. HAS men evidenced idiosyncrasies with respect to alcohol-induced changes in electrodermal reactivity to aversive stimulation (an index of anxiety/fear-dampening), and MFH men demonstrated elevated alcohol-intoxicated resting heart rates (an index of psychostimulation) relative to the FH-LAS men. The results are interpreted as reflecting a sensitivity to the "stimulus reactivity-dampening" effects of alcohol in both high-risk groups, yet population-specific sensitivities to the fear-dampening and psychostimulant properties of alcohol in the HAS and MFH groups, respectively.