Jelly biomass sinking speed reveals a fast carbon export mechanism
Jelly biomass sinking speed reveals a fast carbon export mechanism
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DOI：
10.4319/lo.2013.58.3.1113
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Oschlies, Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lebrato, Mario;Mendes, Pedro de Jesus;Oschlies, Andreas
凝胶状浮游动物生物量的下沉是从海洋上层移除碳的生物泵的重要组成部分。出口效率，例如，由于缺乏可靠的下沉速度数据，人们对有多少生物量到达海洋内部以固碳知之甚少。我们测量了下沉率的凝胶状颗粒有机物（dichry-POM）从不同种类的scyphozoans，ctenophores，海樽纲动物，翼足类动物，无论是在现场和实验室中的垂直柱充满了海水，使用高品质的视频。利用这些数据，我们确定了分类特定的生物量衰减率，海水温度和下沉速度集成的方程，POM出口效率。在几种环境中的两种深度的情况下，被认为是在温带，热带和极地地区，从200米和600米的下沉与dummy-POM。水母POM平均下沉850 - 1500 m d（-1）（海藻：800-1200 m d（-1）;栉水母：1200-1500 m d（-1）;钵水母：1000-1100 m d（-1）;火体：1300 m d（-1））。高纬度地区是一个快速下沉和低矿化的走廊，无论物种如何。在热带和温带地区，显著的分解发生在1500米以上，除非水-POM汇下的永久温跃层。下沉的生物碳-POM将碳螯合到深海的速度比预期的要快，应将其纳入生物地球化学和建模研究，以通过全球生物碳泵提供更现实的出口量化。
Sinking of gelatinous zooplankton biomass is an important component of the biological pump removing carbon from the upper ocean. The export efficiency, e.g., how much biomass reaches the ocean interior sequestering carbon, is poorly known because of the absence of reliable sinking speed data. We measured sinking rates of gelatinous particulate organic matter (jelly-POM) from different species of scyphozoans, ctenophores, thaliaceans, and pteropods, both in the field and in the laboratory in vertical columns filled with seawater using high-quality video. Using these data, we determined taxon-specific jelly-POM export efficiencies using equations that integrate biomass decay rate, seawater temperature, and sinking speed. Two depth scenarios in several environments were considered, with jelly-POM sinking from 200 and 600 m in temperate, tropical, and polar regions. Jelly-POM sank on average between 850 and 1500 m d(-1) (salps: 800-1200 m d(-1); ctenophores: 1200-1500 m d(-1); scyphozoans: 1000-1100 m d(-1); pyrosomes: 1300 m d(-1)). High latitudes represent a fast-sinking and low-remineralization corridor, regardless of species. In tropical and temperate regions, significant decomposition takes place above 1500 m unless jelly-POM sinks below the permanent thermocline. Sinking jelly-POM sequesters carbon to the deep ocean faster than anticipated, and should be incorporated into biogeochemical and modeling studies to provide more realistic quantification of export via the biological carbon pump worldwide.