Linking early geospatial documents, one place at a time: annotation of geographic documents with Recogito
Linking early geospatial documents, one place at a time: annotation of geographic documents with Recogito
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Rainer Simon;Elton T. E. Barker;L. Isaksen;Pau de Soto Cañamares
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作者：
Rainer Simon;Elton T. E. Barker;L. Isaksen;Pau de Soto Cañamares
摘要：Recogito是一个开源工具，用于半自动标注地图和文本中的位置参考。它是作为Pelagios 3研究项目的一部分开发的，该项目旨在建立一个全面的目录，其中包括1492年之前早期地图和地理著作中提到的地方。《Pelagios 3》特别关注古典拉丁、希腊和拜占庭时期的资料来源；《世界地图》与欧洲中世纪的叙事文本中世纪晚期波尔多兰人研究以及早期伊斯兰和早期中国传统的地图和文本。自该项目于2013年9月启动以来，该团队已经收集了超过12万个地名，并对其中的近6万个进行了人工验证。此外，该团队还举办了两次由2014年开放人文学科奖支持的公共注释研讨会。在这些研讨会上，来自不同背景的学生和学者使用了Recogito，在每个研讨会上贡献了数千篇文章。这项工作带来了许多好处：一方面，对地点及其名称的数字识别使文档的内容适合信息检索技术，也就是说，与仅通过传统的基于元数据的搜索相比，用户更容易搜索和发现文档。另一方面，这些文档开放了新的重用形式。例如，可以“绘制”并将文本的叙述和地图的内容与现代工具（如Web地图和GIS）进行比较；或者分析和对比文献的地理属性、地名和空间关系。从更广泛的背景来看，我们认为，像我们这样的倡议有助于“人文数据图”生态系统的发展，这一生态系统正在数字人文学科（将有关人物、地点、事件、规范参考等的数据联系起来）中加快步伐，这有可能为包括历史、地理、考古、经典、家谱和现代语言在内的各种领域的计算和定量研究开辟新的途径。
Summary: Recogito is an open source tool for the semi-automatic annotation of place references in maps and texts. It was developed as part of the Pelagios 3 research project, which aims to build up a comprehensive directory of places referred to in early maps and geographic writing predating the year 1492. Pelagios 3 focuses specifically on sources from the Classical Latin, Greek and Byzantine periods; on Mappae Mundi and narrative texts from the European Medieval period; on Late Medieval Portolans; and on maps and texts from the early Islamic and early Chinese traditions. Since the start of the project in September 2013, the team has harvested more than 120,000 toponyms, manually verifying almost 60,000 of them. Furthermore, the team held two public annotation workshops supported through the Open Humanities Awards 2014. In these workshops, a mixed audience of students and academics of different backgrounds used Recogito to add several thousand contributions on each workshop day. A number of benefits arise out of this work: on the one hand, the digital identification of places – and the names used for them – makes the documents' contents amenable to information retrieval technology, i.e. documents become more easily search- and discoverable to users than through conventional metadata-based search alone. On the other hand, the documents are opened up to new forms of re-use. For example, it becomes possible to “map” and compare the narrative of texts, and the contents of maps with modern day tools like Web maps and GIS; or to analyze and contrast documents’ geographic properties, toponymy and spatial relationships. Seen in a wider context, we argue that initiatives such as ours contribute to the growing ecosystem of the “Graph of Humanities Data” that is gathering pace in the Digital Humanities (linking data about people, places, events, canonical references, etc.), which has the potential to open up new avenues for computational and quantitative research in a variety of fields including History, Geography, Archaeology, Classics, Genealogy and Modern Languages.