Aspects of the roots of language: commentary on Cziko
Aspects of the roots of language: commentary on Cziko
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语言根源的各个方面：齐科的评论
DOI：
10.1177/014272378900902504
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Weist
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Weist
虚幻与现实；(3)守时与不守时的持续性（例如Bickerton 1984: 183，表1）。静态与非静态（或动态）的区别对克里奥尔语系统来说也是必不可少的。根据Bickerton （e.g. 1975: 47）的观点，静态动词不能被标记为非准时，而标记最少的静态动词的时间指称是非过去时，而动态动词的时间指称则是过去时。Bickerton（1981）认为TMA系统在儿童语言（和克里奥尔语）中是相同的，两者都是生物程序的产物。本文是对Cziko（1989）对Bickerton论点的方面成分的评论的回复。具体来说，本文考察了Cziko所说的状态-过程（即状态-动态）和准时-非准时假设。根据状态-动态假说，儿童最初会对动态动词使用进行时，而不会对状态动词使用进行时，根据准时-不准时假说，“儿童最初会对准时（非持续）事件使用过去时，对不准时（持续）事件使用现在时”（第17页）。而静态和非静态的区别是在情景方面（或词汇方面）的领域（见Smith 1986）。观点方面涉及对情况的内部和外部观点的区别。考虑到外部视角，语言可能会关注已完成的特性，而考虑到内部视角，则会关注不完整或连续的特性
irrealis versus realis; and (3) durative aspect2 punctual versus nonpunctual (e.g. Bickerton 1984: 183, Table 1). The stative versus nonstative (or dynamic) distinction is also essential to the Creole system. According to Bickerton (e.g. 1975: 47), stative verbs cannot be marked as nonpunctual, and the temporal reference of the least marked stative verb is nonpast in contrast to past for dynamic verbs. Bickerton (1981) argues that the TMA system is the same in child (as in Creole) language, both being a product of the bioprogram. The present paper is a reply to Cziko’s (1989) review of the aspectual component of Bickerton’s argument. Specifically, the present paper examines what Cziko calls the state-process (i.e. state-dynamic) and the punctual-nonpunctual hypothesis. According to the state-dynamic hypothesis, children will initially use progressive aspect with dynamic verbs but not stative verbs, and according to the punctual-nonpunctual hypothesis, ’children will initially use past tense for events which are punctual (nondurative) and the present tense for nonpunctual (durative) events’ (p. 17) The punctual-nonpunctual distinction is in the domain of viewpoint aspect (or aspect), and the stative-nonstative distinction is in the domain of situational aspect (or lexical aspect) (see Smith 1986). Viewpoint aspect concerns the distinction between internal and external perspective on situations. Given the external perspective, languages are likely to focus on the feature completed, and given the internal perspective, incomplete or continuous