Convergent and Divergent fMRI Responses in Children and Adults to Increasing Language Production Demands.
Convergent and Divergent fMRI Responses in Children and Adults to Increasing Language Production Demands.
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhu120
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dick F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Krishnan S;Leech R;Mercure E;Lloyd-Fox S;Dick F
在成年人中，可能与最基本的语言技能-外显的物体命名-相关的神经激活模式被刺激的心理语言学和视觉复杂性广泛地调制。当面对越来越多的处理需求时，孩子们的大脑是否会做出类似的反应，或者他们以不同的方式解决这个问题？在这里，我们扫描了37名7-13岁的儿童和19名年轻人，他们执行了一个规范的图片命名任务，难度为3级。虽然命名的神经组织在儿童期和成年期基本相似，但成年人在所有命名条件下的颞下回和上级颞回/缘上回的激活程度更高。操纵命名复杂性对成人和儿童的影响截然不同：神经激活，特别是在背外侧前额叶皮层，在成人中表现出复杂性依赖性增加，但在儿童中表现出复杂性依赖性减少。这些代表了对一个简单的命名任务的语言和概念挑战的根本不同的反应，该任务不要求识字或元语言。我们讨论了这些神经差异可能导致不同的认知策略，成人和儿童在词汇检索/生产以及大脑结构和功能连接的发展变化。
In adults, patterns of neural activation associated with perhaps the most basic language skill—overt object naming—are extensively modulated by the psycholinguistic and visual complexity of the stimuli. Do children's brains react similarly when confronted with increasing processing demands, or they solve this problem in a different way? Here we scanned 37 children aged 7–13 and 19 young adults who performed a well-normed picture-naming task with 3 levels of difficulty. While neural organization for naming was largely similar in childhood and adulthood, adults had greater activation in all naming conditions over inferior temporal gyri and superior temporal gyri/supramarginal gyri. Manipulating naming complexity affected adults and children quite differently: neural activation, especially over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, showed complexity-dependent increases in adults, but complexity-dependent decreases in children. These represent fundamentally different responses to the linguistic and conceptual challenges of a simple naming task that makes no demands on literacy or metalinguistics. We discuss how these neural differences might result from different cognitive strategies used by adults and children during lexical retrieval/production as well as developmental changes in brain structure and functional connectivity.