Roadmap for Zoonotic Tuberculosis
Roadmap for Zoonotic Tuberculosis
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人畜共患结核病路线图
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发表时间：
2017
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Oie
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作者：
Oie
人畜共患结核病（TB）是一种主要由牛分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium bovis）引起的人类结核病。肺结核综合征人畜共患结核病的影响超出了人类健康的范围。该生物体是适应牛的宿主，在那里它被称为牛结核病，它也会导致包括野生动物在内的其他动物物种的结核病。牛结核病具有重要的经济影响并威胁生计。
现在是在多学科联合国2016-2030年可持续发展目标和世卫组织旨在到2030年结束全球结核病流行的《结束结核病战略》框架内，共同应对人畜共患结核病和牛结核病的大胆和协调努力的时候了。该战略要求诊断和治疗每一个结核病患者，其中必须包括人畜共患结核病。这得到了控制结核伙伴关系的《2016-2020年全球终止结核计划--范式转变》的支持，该计划将面临人畜共患结核风险的人群确定为值得更多关注的被忽视人群。
如果不提高食品安全标准和控制动物宿主中的牛结核病，就不可能减少人类的疾病负担。“一个健康”方针认识到人、动物和环境的健康相互依存，以及所有相关部门和学科的参与。2017年7月，G20领导人发表了《G20领导人宣言：塑造一个相互联系的世界》，呼吁采取“一个健康”的方法来应对抗菌素耐药性的传播，并强调需要促进结核病的研究和开发。
2016年4月在日内瓦举行的由世卫组织和国际防痨和肺部疾病联合会（国际防痨和肺部疾病联合会）共同举办的会议上，正式构想该路线图的第一步开始了，主要的人类和动物卫生国际组织、学术机构和非政府组织为会议做出了贡献。通过这一路线图，我们呼吁通过政治、财政和技术层面的广泛参与，包括政府机构、捐助者、学术界、非政府组织和私人利益相关者，采取协调一致的行动。该路线图规定了分为三个核心主题的十个优先事项。为了在2030年前结束全球结核病流行，必须从今天开始开始采取行动。里程碑被定义为到2020年的短期和到2025年的中期。
Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) is a form of TB in people predominantly caused by the bacterial species, Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex. The implications of zoonotic TB go beyond human health. The organism is host-adapted to cattle, where it is referred to as bovine TB, and it also causes TB in other animal species including wildlife. Bovine TB has an important economic impact and threatens livelihoods.
The time is right for a bold and concerted effort to collectively address zoonotic and bovine TB, framed within the multidisciplinary United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016–2030 and WHO’s End TB Strategy which seek to end the global TB epidemic by 2030. The Strategy calls for diagnosis and treatment of every person with TB, and this must include zoonotic TB. This is supported by the Stop TB Partnership’s Global Plan to End TB 2016–2020 – The Paradigm Shift, which identifies people at risk of zoonotic TB as a neglected population deserving greater attention.
The human burden of disease cannot be reduced without improving standards of food safety and controlling bovine TB in the animal reservoir. A One Health approach recognizes the interdependence of the health of people, animals and the environment, and the engagement of all relevant sectors and disciplines. The declaration made by the leaders of the G20 forum in July 2017, G20 Leaders’ Declaration: Shaping an interconnected world, calls for a One Health approach to tackling the spread of antimicrobial resistance and highlights the need to foster research and development for TB.
The first steps towards formally conceptualizing this roadmap began in April 2016 in Geneva at a meeting co-organized by WHO and The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), with contributions from leading international organizations for human and animal health, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations. With this roadmap, we call for concerted action through broad engagement across political, financial and technical levels, including government agencies, donors, academia, non-governmental organizations and private stakeholders. This roadmap lays down ten priorities grouped into three core themes. To end the global TB epidemic by 2030, action must begin today. Milestones are defined for the short-term, by 2020, and medium-term, by 2025.