Activity targets for nanostructured platinum group-metal-free catalysts in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells
Activity targets for nanostructured platinum group-metal-free catalysts in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells
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DOI：
10.1038/nnano.2016.265
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
38.3
通讯作者：
Yan, Yushan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Setzler, Brian P.;Zhuang, Zhongbin;Yan, Yushan
燃料电池是零排放汽车电源，最好地保留了汽油汽车的优势：前期成本低，行驶里程长，加油快。为了使燃料电池汽车成为现实，美国能源部已将燃料电池系统的长期成本目标设定为30千瓦（-1）美元，这相当于每辆车2，400美元，不包括几个主要的动力系统组件（相比之下，基本但完整的内燃机系统成本约为3，000美元）。到目前为止，大多数汽车应用的研究都集中在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）上，因为这些系统已经证明了最高的功率密度。然而，最近，一种替代技术，氢氧化物交换膜燃料电池（HEMFC），已经获得了显着的关注，因为使用稳定的铂族金属自由催化剂的可能性，具有固有的，长期的成本优势。在这个角度来看，我们讨论了PEMFC的成本概况和HEMFC提供的优势。特别是，我们讨论了HEMFC的催化剂开发需求，并设定了催化剂活性目标，以实现与最先进的汽车PEMFC的性能等同。满足这些目标需要仔细优化纳米结构，以将高表面积填充到小体积中，同时保持高面积比活性和有利的孔传输特性。
Fuel cells are the zero-emission automotive power source that best preserves the advantages of gasoline automobiles: low upfront cost, long driving range and fast refuelling. To make fuel-cell cars a reality, the US Department of Energy has set a fuel cell system cost target of US$30 kW(-1) in the long-term, which equates to US$2,400 per vehicle, excluding several major powertrain components (in comparison, a basic, but complete, internal combustion engine system costs approximately US$3,000). To date, most research for automotive applications has focused on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), because these systems have demonstrated the highest power density. Recently, however, an alternative technology, hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (HEMFCs), has gained significant attention, because of the possibility to use stable platinum-group-metal free catalysts, with inherent, long-term cost advantages. In this Perspective, we discuss the cost profile of PEMFCs and the advantages offered by HEMFCs. In particular, we discuss catalyst development needs for HEMFCs and set catalyst activity targets to achieve performance parity with state-of-the-art automotive PEMFCs. Meeting these targets requires careful optimization of nanostructures to pack high surface areas into a small volume, while maintaining high area-specific activity and favourable pore-transport properties.