Exceptions to the PRP Effect? A Comparison of Prepared and Unconditioned Reflexes
Exceptions to the PRP Effect? A Comparison of Prepared and Unconditioned Reflexes
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DOI：
10.1037/a0035548
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kunde, Wilfried
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janczyk, Markus;Pfister, Roland;Kunde, Wilfried
心理学研究一次又一次地证明，当人类同时执行两项或多项任务时，表现就会明显下降。事实上，现有证据似乎表明任何类型的行为都受到此类限制。目前的实验采用心理不应期（PRP）范式来确定该规则的一个明显例外：无条件反射确实逃脱了双任务干扰，而预期的简单反应，即所谓的“准备反射”则不能。除了这种经验上的新颖性之外，我们还从更广泛的人类行为控制的角度讨论了这些发现。特别是，我们认为对双重任务干扰的（非）敏感性可以在目标导向行为（即行动）和其他非目标导向行为之间提供清晰的经验描述。
Psychological research has documented again and again marked performance decrements whenever humans perform 2 or more tasks at the same time. In fact, the available evidence seems to suggest that any type of behavior is subject to such limitations. The present experiments employed the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm to identify a clear exception to this rule: Unconditioned reflexes do escape dual-task interference, whereas intended simple responses, so called "prepared reflexes," do not. Beyond this empirical novelty, we discuss the findings in broader terms of human action control. In particular, we suggest that the (non) susceptibility to dual-task interference may provide a clear empirical delineation between goal-directed behavior (i.e., actions) and other, not goal-directed behavior.