Pre-Columbian Fire Management Linked to Refractory Black Carbon Emissions in the Amazon
Pre-Columbian Fire Management Linked to Refractory Black Carbon Emissions in the Amazon
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DOI：
10.3390/fire2020031
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Iriarte, Jose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arienzo, Monica M.;Maezumi, S. Yoshi;Iriarte, Jose
人为气候变化--加上人为点火增加--正在导致野火频率增加、二氧化碳排放和难燃黑碳(RBC)气溶胶排放增加。这一点在亚马逊雨林尤为明显，由于生态变化的自然和人为驱动因素的同步性，加上过去和现在土地利用的时空异质性，使亚马逊雨林的火灾活动复杂化。阐明这些因素的一种方法是通过长期的区域火灾历史。使用一种新的RBC测定方法，我们测量了亚马逊东部卡米拉湖约3500年的沉积岩芯RBC流入记录，这是生物质燃烧和化石燃料燃烧的代用指标。通过与以前公布的美纳湖记录和区域证据的比较，我们区分了当地和区域的RBC排放源，表明当地的RBC排放量从类似于现在的1250到500个历年增加(称为YR BP)，与哥伦布前活动高峰期的当地规模火灾管理增加相吻合。紧随其后的是与欧洲接触的地区生物质燃烧的下降，前哥伦布人口的下降，以及与橡胶繁荣(1850-1910年)相关的地区灭火，支持了目前气候对地区燃烧的最小影响。在过去的一个世纪里，红细胞流入迅速增加。我们的结果可以用来验证RBC模拟结果，帮助未来预测RBC排放及其对气候系统的相关影响。
Anthropogenic climate change-combined with increased human-caused ignitions-is leading to increased wildfire frequency, carbon dioxide emissions, and refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosol emissions. This is particularly evident in the Amazon rainforest, where fire activity has been complicated by the synchronicity of natural and anthropogenic drivers of ecological change, coupled with spatial and temporal heterogeneity in past and present land use. One approach to elucidating these factors is through long-term regional fire histories. Using a novel method for rBC determinations, we measured an approximately 3500-year sediment core record from Lake Camila" in the eastern Amazon for rBC influx, a proxy of biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion. Through comparisons with previously published records from Lake Canna and regional evidence, we distinguished between local and regional rBC emission sources demonstrating increased local emissions of rBC from similar to 1250 to 500 calendar years before present (cal yr BP), coinciding with increased local-scale fire management during the apex of pre-Columbian activity. This was followed by a regional decline in biomass burning coincident with European contact, pre-Columbian population decline, and regional fire suppression associated with the rubber boom (1850-1910 CE), supporting the minimal influence of climate on regional burning at this time. During the past century, rBC influx has rapidly increased. Our results can serve to validate rBC modeling results, aiding with future predictions of rBC emissions and associated impacts to the climate system.