The Stability of Social Security
The Stability of Social Security
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社会保障的稳定性
DOI：
10.1017/s0047279417000599
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kenzo Yoshida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
嘉田 由紀子;新川 達郎;村上 紗央里 編著;Kenzo Yoshida
稳定性是社会保障体系最关键的要素之一。尽管美国因其社会经济结构（包括福利计划）的巨大变化而闻名（有些人可能会说是臭名昭著），但其社会保障是西方主要国家中最安全、最稳定的公共养老金计划。在福利国家的重组时代，日本和欧洲各国的公共养老金已经进行了多次改革，对福利和税收进行了彻底改革。然而，美国社会保障自1983年修改《社会保障法》以来的三十年里没有进行过这样的改革，但财务状况相对较好。本文研究了福利国家正在经历危机期间社会保障保持稳定的程度。稳定性比较分析分为三个步骤：（1）对六国改革频率进行简单评价； （二）参数调整规模和结构性改革内容比较； (3) 使用个别政府报告确认当前的财务可持续性，以检查“虚假稳定”。本文还研究了稳定性因素，包括在这种不断变化的环境中持久的制度设计。
Stability is one of the most crucial elements of social security systems. Although the United States is famous – some might say notorious – for drastic changes to its socio-economic structure (including its welfare programmes), its Social Security is the most secure and unchanged public pension programme among major Western countries. In the restructuring age of welfare states, public pensions have been reformed several times in Japan and various European countries, with an overhaul of benefits and taxes. However, Social Security in the US has not undergone such reforms in the three decades since the Social Security Act was amended in 1983, but has experienced relatively better financial conditions. This paper investigates the extent to which Social Security has remained stable during a time when welfare states are going through a crisis. The comparative analysis for stability consists of three steps: (1) a simple evaluation of the frequency of reforms among six countries; (2) a comparison of the scales of parametric adjustment and components of structural reform; and (3) confirming current financial sustainability to check for ‘false stability’ using individual government reports. This paper also studies stability factors, including an institutional design that is durable in this changing environment.