Syringeal Anatomy in the Common Crow
Syringeal Anatomy in the Common Crow
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普通乌鸦的注射器解剖结构
DOI：
10.2307/4083584
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. S. Mosby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Chamberlain;W. Gross;G. Cornwell;H. S. Mosby
对普通乌鸦(Corvus Brackyrkynchos)其空洞的功能解剖进行了仔细的研究，这与Welty(1963)提出的该物种不能发声的观点相矛盾，即在音高和产生的音符种类上有显著的变化。发声不佳的鸟类，如大多数非雀形目鸟类，可能只有两到三对针状肌，但真正的鸣禽通常有七对肌肉，有些鸣禽的发声能力高达九对(Welty，1963：118-119)。Owen(1866)和Ames(1965)描述了蝙蝠亚目的脊髓空洞肌的解剖。ShuFeldt(1890)讨论了乌鸦(Corax Sinuatus)的呼吸道肌肉。在对普通乌鸦发声的初步研究中，Miskimen(1951)报告了七对空洞肌。Myers(1917)和Gross(1964)描述了鸡(Gallus Home Ticus)空洞的功能解剖。Ruppell(1933)研究了鲱鸥(Larus Argentatus)的发声结构。他的保持空洞的装置使观察声带的振动成为可能，但他对文献和实验工作的回顾都强调了锁骨间气囊在发声过程中压力的重要性。米勒(1934)能够用大角猫头鹰(Bubo Virginianus)和火鸡(Meleagris Galopavo)的空洞通过吹气发出声音
A careful study of the functional anatomy of its syrinx in the Common Crow (Corvus brackyrkynchos) contradicts the view expressed by Welty (1963) that this species is not capable of vocal versatility, i.e. significant variation in pitch and variety of notes produced. Poor vocalizers such as most nonpasserines may have only two or three pairs of syringeal muscles, but true song birds typically have seven pairs, and as many as nine pairs have been reported in some song birds (Welty, 1963: 118-119). Owen (1866) and Ames (1965) describe the anatomy of syringeal muscles in the suborder Passeres. Shufeldt (1890) discusses the muscles of the air passages in the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus). In a preliminary study of sound production in the Common Crow, Miskimen (1951) reports seven pairs of syringeal muscles. Myers (1917) and Gross (1964) describe the functional anatomy of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) syrinx. Ruppell (1933) investigated the vocal structures of the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus). His apparatus for holding the syrinx made it possible to observe the vibration of the vocal membranes, but his review of the literature and experimental work all emphasized the importance of pressure in the interclavicular air sac during sound production. Miller (1934) was able to produce sound with the syrinx of the Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) and Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) by blowing