Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Radiation Therapy
Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Radiation Therapy
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DOI：
10.5772/intechopen.101684
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
A. Nakaoka;Kana Kobayashi;Mennaallah Hassan;R. Sasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Nakaoka;Kana Kobayashi;Mennaallah Hassan;R. Sasaki
外泌体是由所有类型的细胞（包括肿瘤细胞）释放的细胞外囊泡的亚组，并且通过转运各种细胞内组分（包括微RNA、信使RNA和蛋白质）来介导细胞间通讯。辐射产生活性氧并诱导癌细胞和正常细胞中的DNA双链断裂。癌细胞因辐射损伤严重而死亡，而正常细胞则以其较高的DNA修复能力维持增殖。辐照细胞产生通信信号，并引起邻近或远处未辐照细胞的生物学变化。本文综述了外泌体在放射治疗中的作用。在肿瘤微环境中，外泌体被认为通过与血管内皮细胞和各种类型的免疫细胞相互作用来调节细胞存活、迁移和对治疗的抗性。如今，放射治疗通常与免疫治疗相结合。调节外泌体的活性可以克服对免疫疗法的抗性的问题。此外，外泌体可以通过转运某些类型的microRNA来减弱对化疗的抗性。目前的证据表明，外泌体在未来可能有助于癌症的诊断和治疗。
Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that are released by all types of cells, including tumor cells, and mediate intercellular communication via the transport of various intracellular components, including microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and proteins. Radiation produces reactive oxygen species and induces DNA double-strand break in cancer cells and normal cells. Cancer cells have severe damage and die by irradiation, but normal cells can keep proliferation with their high DNA repair ability. Irradiated cells generate communication signals and cause biological changes in neighboring or distant non-irradiated cells. This review outlines the role of exosomes in radiation therapy. In the tumor microenvironment, exosomes are considered to regulate cell survival, migration, and resistance to therapy by interacting with vascular endothelial cells and various types of immune cells. Nowadays, radiation therapy is typically combined with immunotherapy. Regulation of the activity of exosomes may overcome the problem of resistance to immunotherapy. Furthermore, exosomes can attenuate resistance to chemotherapy by transporting certain types of microRNA. The current evidence suggests that exosomes may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the future.