Anthropocene Landscape Change and the Legacy of Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Mining in the Fourmile Catchment, Colorado Front Range
Anthropocene Landscape Change and the Legacy of Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Mining in the Fourmile Catchment, Colorado Front Range
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科罗拉多州弗兰特山脉四英里流域的人类世景观变化和十九世纪和二十世纪采矿业的遗产
DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2017.1406329
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Samuels, Rachel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dethier, David P.;Ouimet, William B.;Murphy, Sheila F.;Kotikian, Maneh;Wicherski, Will;Samuels, Rachel M.
人类对地球表面过程和物质的影响是理解人类世时代的基础。本研究探讨的规模，分布和长期的背景下，在Fourmile溪流域，科罗拉多，耦合机载激光雷达地形分析与历史文件和实地研究的河岸暴露于2013年洪水。采矿影响代表了该盆地人类世景观的主要变化。采矿活动，特别是砂矿作业，控制着与集水区内>5%山坡的采矿覆盖率有关的洪泛平原地层和废石堆。采矿活动（勘探、采矿和道路建设）对斜坡表面的总扰动率至少是世纪前的50倍。最近的洪水和人类影响的叠加掩盖了全新世洪泛平原演变的记录。地层关系表明，在过去的2,000年里，福米尔谷底高出2米，从全新世晚期到现在，砂矿改造、侧向侵蚀或轻微的下切占主导地位。山坡土壤、采矿相关沉积物和河流沉积物的精细部分中As和Au的浓度可作为集水区采矿活动的地球化学标志;降低洪泛区沉积物中As和Au值需要数百年至数千年的时间。总体而言，Fourmile Creek流域为美国西部山区提供了人类世景观变化的宝贵例子，其中人类活动的山坡和洪泛区标记各不相同，高速率的地貌过程影响标记沉积物的混合和保存，长期影响因景观位置而异。
Human impacts on earth surface processes and materials are fundamental to understanding the proposed Anthropocene epoch. This study examines the magnitude, distribution, and long-term context of nineteenth- and twentieth-century mining in the Fourmile Creek catchment, Colorado, coupling airborne LiDAR topographic analysis with historical documents and field studies of river banks exposed by 2013 flooding. Mining impacts represent the dominant Anthropocene landscape change for this basin. Mining activity, particularly placer operations, controls floodplain stratigraphy and waste rock piles related to mining cover >5% of hillslopes in the catchment. Total rates of surface disturbance on slopes from mining activities (prospecting, mining, and road building) exceed pre-nineteenth-century rates by at least fifty times. Recent flooding and the overprint of human impacts obscure the record of Holocene floodplain evolution. Stratigraphic relations indicate that the Fourmile valley floor was as much as two meters higher in the past 2,000 years and that placer reworking, lateral erosion, or minor downcutting dominated from the late Holocene to present. Concentrations of As and Au in the fine fraction of hillslope soil, mining-related deposits, and fluvial deposits serve as a geochemical marker of mining activity in the catchment; reducing As and Au values in floodplain sediment will take hundreds of years to millennia. Overall, the Fourmile Creek catchment provides a valuable example of Anthropocene landscape change for mountainous regions of the Western United States, where hillslope and floodplain markers of human activity vary, high rates of geomorphic processes affect mixing and preservation of marker deposits, and long-term impact varies by landscape location.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Certini, Giacomo;Scalenghe, Riccardo
通讯作者：
Scalenghe, Riccardo
科罗拉多矿带的前寒武纪祖先
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1963
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
O. Tweto;P. Sims
通讯作者：
P. Sims
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Lecce;R. Pavlowsky;G. Schlomer
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G. Schlomer
科罗拉多州中北部埃斯蒂斯公园 30 x 60 四边形地质图
DOI：
10.3133/sim3039
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Scientific Investigations Map
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. C. Cole;W. A. Braddock
通讯作者：
W. A. Braddock
增强土壤侵蚀和景观演化模型的评估：澳大利亚北领地前纳巴莱克铀矿的案例研究评估
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Hancock;J. Lowry;D. Moliere;K. Evans
通讯作者：
K. Evans