Invited address: "The times they are a-changin'" gene expression, neuroplasticity, and developmental research.
Invited address: "The times they are a-changin'" gene expression, neuroplasticity, and developmental research.
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特邀演讲：“时代正在改变”基因表达、神经可塑性和发育研究。
DOI：
10.1007/s10964-014-0245-1
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Klopack,EricT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simons,RonaldL;Klopack,EricT
有充分的理由，社会科学家有很长的怀疑人类行为的生物学解释的历史。然而，重要的是，最近生命科学的范式转变在很大程度上消除了这些长期存在的问题。我们强调了遗传学中发生的变化，从遗传决定论转向强调表观遗传学，以及神经科学从大脑的固定观点转向神经可塑性观点。我们描述了这些新的发展，注意到他们的方式承认，实际上是一个溢价，环境的作用。本文的其余部分集中在社会科学家的挑战和机遇，特别是那些参与发展工作，这些范式转变所提供的。证据清楚地表明，先天和后天是密不可分的。然而，重要的是，它也表明，它们是以一种尊重社会科学对环境的优先考虑的方式联系在一起的。我们认为，将生物过程纳入我们的发展工作将使我们的理论更加尖锐，并提高其重要性。我们认为，这种生物整合模型将提供一个更清晰，更全面的理解如何养育影响整个生命过程中的行为。
For good reason, social scientists have a long history of being suspicious of biological explanations of human behavior. Importantly, however, recent paradigmatic shifts in the life sciences have largely obviated these longstanding concerns. We highlight the changes that have occurred in genetics with its movement away from genetic determinism to an emphasis on epigenetics and in neuroscience with its switch from a fixed to a neuroplastic view of the brain. We describe these new developments noting the way they recognize, indeed place a premium upon, the role of the environment. The remainder of the paper focuses upon the challenges and opportunities for social scientists, especially those involved in developmental work, proffered by these paradigmatic shifts. The evidence clearly shows that nature and nurture are inextricably interlinked. Importantly, however, it also indicates that they are connected in a manner that honors the priority that the social sciences place upon the environment. We contend that incorporating biological processes into our developmental work will sharpen our theories and enhance their significance. We argue that such biologically integrated models will provide a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of how nurture influences behavior across the life course.