Mechanisms of Age-Related Cognitive Change and Targets for Intervention: Social Interactions and Stress
Mechanisms of Age-Related Cognitive Change and Targets for Intervention: Social Interactions and Stress
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/gls125
复制
发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Wilson, Robert S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kremen, William S.;Lachman, Margie E.;Wilson, Robert S.
生物和物理因素对认知衰老的影响被广泛研究。人们对压力和社会关系等社会心理因素在认知功能中的作用知之甚少。峰会第四部分的发言者重点讨论了社会互动和压力经历与认知变化之间的可能机制。皮质醇升高、重复思考、消极情绪、神经质、慢性压力和早期生活中的逆境与晚年的记忆和其他认知维度呈负相关。相反，支持性社会关系被发现与认知功能呈正相关。一些证据表明，压力和消极情绪是认知能力下降的前因和后果，两者之间存在多向的因果关系。这些发现有助于理解潜在的潜在因果过程，将社会心理因素与认知衰老联系起来，并将发展重点放在认知能力下降和认知障碍发病的病因学上。这项工作为未来的研究提供了重要的基础，以确定可改变的因素，并设计干预措施，以最大限度地减少认知衰退，优化成年期的认知健康。
The effects of biological and physical factors on cognitive aging are widely studied. Less is known about the role of psychosocial factors such as stress and social relationships for cognitive functioning.Speakers in Session IV of the Summit focused on possible mechanisms linking social interactions and stressful experiences to cognitive changes with aging.Elevated cortisol, repetitive thinking, negative emotions, neuroticism, chronic stress, and early life adversity were negatively associated with memory and other cognitive dimensions in later life. In contrast, supportive social relationships were found to be positively related to cognitive functioning. Some evidence was provided for multidirectional, causal relationships involving stress and negative affect as both antecedents and consequences of cognitive decline.The findings contribute to understanding the potential underlying causal processes linking psychosocial factors and cognitive aging with a developmental focus on the etiology of declines and onset of cognitive impairments. This work provides an important foundation for future research to identify modifiable factors and to design interventions to minimize cognitive declines and optimize cognitive health in adulthood.