Pesticide residues in urine of adults living in the United States: Reference range concentrations
Pesticide residues in urine of adults living in the United States: Reference range concentrations
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DOI：
10.1006/enrs.1995.1071
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Needham, LL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hill, RH;Head, SL;Needham, LL
我们测量了1000名美国成年人尿液中的12种分析物，以建立农药残留的参考范围浓度。我们经常发现这些分析物中的六种：2，5-二氯苯酚（98%的成年人）; 2，4-二氯苯酚（64%）; 1-萘酚（86%）; 2-萘酚（81%）; 3，5，6-三氯-2-吡啶酚（82%）;和五氯苯酚（64%）。2，5-二氯苯酚的第95百分位浓度（95 thPC）（指示对二氯苯暴露）为790微克/升;浓度范围高达8700微克/升。2，4-二氯苯酚浓度范围高达450微克/升，95 thPC为64微克/升。1-萘和α-萘酚（萘暴露的指示）的95 thPC分别为43和30微克/升; l-萘酚的浓度范围高达2500微克/升。毒死蜱的暴露表明3，5，6-三氯-2-吡啶酚浓度为13（95 thPC）和77微克/升（最大观察值）。五氯苯酚的95 thPC为8.2微克/升。测量的其他分析物包括4-硝基苯酚（41%）; 2，4，5-三氯苯酚（20%）; 2，4，6-三氯苯酚（9.5%）; 2，4-二氯苯氧基乙酸（12%）; 2-异丙氧基苯酚（6.8%）;和7-呋喃碳酚（1.5%）。这些分析物的95 thPC为
We measured 12 analytes in urine of 1000 adults living in the United States to establish reference range concentrations for pesticide residues. We frequently found six of these analytes: 2,5-dichlorophenol (in 98% of adults); 2,4-dichlorophenol (in 64%); 1-naphthol (in 86%); 2-naphthol (in 81%); 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (in 82%); and pentachlorophenol (in 64%). The 95th percentile concentration (95thPC) for 2,5-dichlorophenol (indicative of p-dichlorobenzene exposure) was 790 mu g/liter; concentrations ranged up to 8700 mu g/liter. 2,4-Dichlorophenol concentrations ranged up to 450 mu g/liter, and the 95thPC was 64 mu g/liter. 1-Naphthol and a-naphthol (indicative of naphthalene exposure) had 95thPCs of 43 and 30 mu g/liter, respectively; concentrations of l-naphthol ranged up to 2500 mu g/liter. Chlorpyrifos exposure was indicated by 3,5,6-tricholoro-2-pyridinol concentrations of 13 (95thPC) and 77 mu g/liter (maximum observed). Pentachlorophenol had a 95thPC of 8.2 mu g/liter. Other analytes measured included 4-nitrophenol (in 41%); 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (in 20%); 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (in 9.5%); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (in 12%); 2-isopropoxyphenol (in 6.8%); and 7-carbofuranphenol (in 1.5%). The 95thPCs of these analytes were