Muscles of facial expression in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes):: descriptive, comparative and phylogenetic contexts
Muscles of facial expression in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes):: descriptive, comparative and phylogenetic contexts
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00523.x
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Bonar, CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burrows, AM;Waller, BM;Bonar, CJ
面部表情是许多哺乳动物，尤其是非人灵长类动物的一种重要的非声音交流方式。虽然黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）拥有复杂的面部信号，但人们对这些动作背后的面部表情（即模仿）肌肉组织知之甚少，尤其是与其他一些灵长类动物相比。在这里，我们提出了黑猩猩面部肌肉的详细描述，框架在比较和系统发育的背景下，通过解剖保存面部使用一种新的方法。研究人员注意到了肌肉的排列和外观，并将其与之前对黑猩猩、原猿、颈猿和人类的研究进行了比较。结果显示，在类人猿中有23块模拟肌肉，包括一块薄的括约肌colli肌，这是以前报道的仅在成年前猴中发现的，还有一块双层的颧大肌和一块明显的斜拉肌。在这样的定义中，这些肌肉的存在支持了先前的研究，这些研究描述了该物种复杂且高度分级的面部交流系统，该系统与其他非人类灵长类物种在质量上仍然不同。此外，与之前的研究结论相反，黑猩猩和人类之间的解剖学差异很小。这些结果放大了理解灵长类动物类群面部肌肉组织的重要性，这可能具有很大的分类价值。
Facial expressions are a critical mode of non-vocal communication for many mammals, particularly non-human primates. Although chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have an elaborate repertoire of facial signals, little is known about the facial expression (i.e. mimetic) musculature underlying these movements, especially when compared with some other catarrhines. Here we present a detailed description of the facial muscles of the chimpanzee, framed in comparative and phylogenetic contexts, through the dissection of preserved faces using a novel approach. The arrangement and appearance of muscles were noted and compared with previous studies of chimpanzees and with prosimians, cercopithecoids and humans. The results showed 23 mimetic muscles in P. troglodytes, including a thin sphincter colli muscle, reported previously only in adult prosimians, a bi-layered zygomaticus major muscle and a distinct risorius muscle. The presence of these muscles in such definition supports previous studies that describe an elaborate and highly graded facial communication system in this species that remains qualitatively different from that reported for other non-human primate species. In addition, there are minimal anatomical differences between chimpanzees and humans, contrary to conclusions from previous studies. These results amplify the importance of understanding facial musculature in primate taxa, which may hold great taxonomic value.