Social learning in noncolonial insects?
Social learning in noncolonial insects?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.015
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发表时间：
2005-11-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Casas, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coolen, I;Dangles, O;Casas, J
社会信息的使用最近引起了极大的兴趣，并已被证明对物种的生态和进化具有重要的影响[1-6]。从其他物种那里了解捕食者或捕食风险可能会提供低成本的救命信息，并有望在任何可观察到同种特征且在捕食风险下表现不同的物种中获得适应性回报。然而，一般来说，社会学习和社会信息的使用在很大程度上限于脊椎动物([1-3，5，7-9]，但见[10-16])。在这里，我们表明，蟋蟀在观察到有知识的其他人的行为后，会适应它们的捕食者回避行为，并在示威者离开后持续保持这些行为变化。这些结果指向了社会学习，这种偶然性以前从未在非殖民地昆虫身上表现出来。我们表明，这些长期的变化不能归因于较长的重新出现时间，警报信息素的长期影响，或残留的气味提示。我们的发现表明，社会学习可能比目前公认的要广泛得多，对社会信息的依赖是由生态约束而不是分类约束决定的[17，18]，他们质疑了普遍认为的社会学习仅限于被认为具有优越认知能力的大大脑动物的假设。
Social-information use has generated great interest lately and has been shown to have important implications for the ecology and evolution of species [1-6]. Learning about predators or predation risk from others may provide low-cost life-saving information and would be expected to have adaptive payoffs in any species where conspecifics are observable and behave differently under predation risk. Yet, social learning and social-information use in general have been largely restricted to vertebrates ([1-3, 5, 7-9], but see [10-16]). Here, we show that crickets adapt their predator-avoidance behavior after having observed the behavior of knowledgeable others and maintain these behavioral changes lastingly after demonstrators are gone. These results point toward social learning, a contingency never shown before in noncolonial insects. We show that these long-lasting changes cannot instead be attributed to long re-emergence times, long-lasting effects of alarm pheromones, or residual odor cues. Our findings imply that social learning is likely much more phylogenetically widespread than currently acknowledged and that reliance on social information is determined by ecological rather than taxonomic constrains [17, 18], and they question the generally held assumption that social learning is restricted to large-brained animals assumed to possess superior cognitive abilities.