Heterogeneity of Transgender Identity Nonaffirmation Microaggressions and Their Association With Depression Symptoms and Suicidality Among Transgender Persons
Heterogeneity of Transgender Identity Nonaffirmation Microaggressions and Their Association With Depression Symptoms and Suicidality Among Transgender Persons
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DOI：
10.1037/sgd0000347
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Howe, Bethany Grace
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parr, Nicholas J.;Howe, Bethany Grace
跨性别者经历抑郁症，自杀意念和自杀企图的比例不成比例。先前的工作已经将这些结果与经历社会耻辱和与性别有关的受害和歧视联系起来，但一个重要的需求是定量评估不太明显的受害形式，如与性别身份有关的微攻击，与变性人中发生这些结果的关系。在本研究中，焦点小组和调查研究进行了更充分地表征跨性别身份非肯定微攻击。我们调查了非肯定性微攻击的频率，自我评价的情绪强度，并在社会和情绪反应，他们引起的变化，以及非肯定性微攻击与抑郁症状的发生和跨性别个体自杀的关系。共有402名参与者完成了一份在线调查问卷，回答了14个基于焦点小组中常见的非肯定微攻击的情景提示。在传统的逻辑回归分析中，跨性别身份非肯定或否认事件的频率增加与跨性别受访者（n = 182）中过去一年悲伤或绝望，过去一年退出常规活动，过去一年自杀意念和终身自杀意念或企图的几率增加150-240%（比值比= 2.54-3.41）显著相关。使用潜在回归分析，包括频率和情绪强度的微攻击事件，结果的几率增加了230-525%（比值比= 3.31-6.25）。增加产生疲劳或冷漠感的非肯定性微攻击的数量，以及导致对社会参与兴趣降低的非肯定性微攻击的数量，也与过去一年抑郁症和自杀意念的几率增加显著相关。
Transgender individuals experience disproportionate rates of depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt. Prior work has linked these outcomes to experiencing social stigma and gender-related victimization and discrimination, but an important need has been to quantitatively assess the relation of less overt forms of victimization, such as gender identity-related microaggressions, with occurrence of these outcomes among transgender persons. In the present research, a focus group and survey study were conducted to more fully characterize transgender identity nonaffirmation microaggressions. We investigated how nonaffirmation microaggressions vary in frequency, self-rated emotional intensity, and in the social and emotional responses they elicit, as well as the relation of nonaffirmation microaggressions with the occurrence of depression symptoms and suicidality among transgender individuals. A total of 402 participants completed an online survey questionnaire, responding to 14 situational prompts based on nonaffirmation microaggressions commonly reported in focus groups. In conventional logistic regression analyses, increasing frequency of transgender identity nonaffirmation or denial events was significantly associated with 150-240% increases (odds ratio = 2.54-3.41) in odds of past-year sadness or hopelessness, past-year withdrawal from regular activities, past-year suicide ideation, and lifetime suicide ideation or attempt among transgender respondents (n = 182). Using latent regression analyses that incorporated both frequency and emotional intensity of microaggression events, odds of outcomes were increased by 230-525% (odds ratio = 3.31-6.25). Increasing the number of nonaffirmation microaggressions that produced feelings of weariness or apathy, and nonaffirmation microaggressions that led to decreased interest in social engagement, was also significantly associated with increased odds of past-year depression symptomatology and suicide ideation.