Affective valence and arousal in ADHD and normal boys during a startle habituation experiment.
Affective valence and arousal in ADHD and normal boys during a startle habituation experiment.
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在惊吓习惯实验中，多动症男孩和正常男孩的情感价和唤醒度。
DOI：
10.1097/00004583-199712000-00018
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gehricke,JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ornitz,EM;Gabikian,P;Russell,AT;Guthrie,D;Hirano,C;Gehricke,JG
目的测量29名注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)男孩和32名正常男孩的情绪两个维度(情感效价和唤醒)。方法在惊吓习惯化实验中，这些受试者在观看一部无声有趣的电影时听到40个令人震惊的声音，之后他们被问到12个问题(先验分为与情感效价和唤醒有关的问题)，关于他们对这些假定不愉快和令人愉快的刺激的情绪反应。研究人员使用两个卡通片记录了情绪的两个维度的反应，每个卡通人物的五种表情从高兴到不快乐(情感效价维度)和平静到兴奋(唤醒维度)呈线性变化。结果演员对12个反应的分析显示，最高负荷的四个因素是对惊吓反应的情感效价、对无声电影的情感效价、唤醒和惊吓感觉。与正常组相比，ADHD组的反应明显偏向于对令人惊讶的刺激和无声电影的愉悦价值，更倾向于低唤醒。两组受惊程度和习惯化程度相似。在整个实验过程中，ADHD组没有维持正常的紧张性心率加速。结论ADHD组自我报告的情感配价偏向于快乐而不是不愉快，以及倾向于低觉醒的趋势，表明ADHD存在情绪障碍。
OBJECTIVETo measure two dimensions of emotion (affective valence and arousal) in 29 boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 32 normal boys.METHODAfter a startle habituation experiment during which these subjects heard 40 startling sounds while watching a silent interesting movie, they were asked 12 questions (categorized a priori into questions relating to affective valence and to arousal) about their emotional reactions to these putatively unpleasant and pleasurable stimuli. Responses were recorded for the two dimensions of emotion, using two cartoon strips in each of which five expressions of a cartoon character varied linearly from happy to unhappy (affective valence dimension) and calm to excited (arousal dimension).RESULTSFactor analyses of the 12 responses revealed four factors in which the highest loadings were for affective valence to the startle responses, affective valence to the silent movie, arousal, and scary feelings. Relative to the normal group, the responses of the ADHD group were significantly biased toward pleasurable valence to the startling stimuli and to the silent movie, with a frend toward hypoarousal. Startle magnitude and habituation were similar in both groups. The normal tonic heart rate acceleration throughout the experimental session was not sustained in the ADHD group.CONCLUSIONSThe self-reports of affective valence biased in the direction of pleasure and away from displeasure and the trend toward hypoarousal suggest an emotional dysfunction in ADHD.