Approach-avoidance responses to infant facial expressions in nulliparous women: Associations with early experience and mood induction
Approach-avoidance responses to infant facial expressions in nulliparous women: Associations with early experience and mood induction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.08.005
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Parolin, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Carli, Pietro;Riem, Madelon M. E.;Parolin, Laura
婴儿表情是引发父母照料行为的重要信号。本研究试图测试婴儿的表情是否会影响成年人的行为反应，同时考虑到情绪诱导和童年照看经验的作用。采用改良的接近回避任务(AAT)，研究了未分娩女大学生对不同表情婴儿面孔的内隐反应。研究1表明，悲伤、中性和昏昏欲睡的表情会引发回避倾向，而对于快乐的面孔，则没有接近或回避的倾向。值得注意的是，悲伤面孔的接近和回避反应潜伏期与参与者的负面照顾经历之间存在正相关(r=0.30，p=0.04，Bonferroni校正)，这表明经历过父母冷漠照顾的个体更倾向于悲伤的婴儿面孔。在研究2中，我们操纵了参与者在AAT之前的当前情绪(通过要求回忆他们最近生活中的快乐或悲伤事件来引发悲伤和快乐情绪)。结果表明，悲伤情绪增强了被积极情绪诱导缓冲的对悲伤面孔的偏向。综上所述，这些发现表明，女性的内隐接近回避行为依赖于婴儿面孔的情绪表达，并与童年照看经历和当前情绪有关。
Infant expressions are important signals for eliciting caregiving behaviors in parents. The present study sought to test if infant expressions affect adults' behavioral response, taking into account the role of a mood induction and childhood caregiving experiences. A modified version of the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT) was employed to study nulliparous female university students' implicit responses to infant faces with different expressions. Study 1 showed that sad, neutral and sleepy expressions elicit a tendency for avoidance, while no tendency for approach or avoidance was found for happy faces. Notably, differences between approach and avoidance response latencies for sad faces and participants' negative caregiving experiences were positively correlated (r = 0.30, p = 0.04, Bonferroni corrected), indicating that individuals who experienced insensitive parental care show more bias toward sad infant faces. In Study 2, we manipulated participants' current mood (inducing sad and happy mood by asking to recall a happy or sad event of their recent life) before the AAT. Results showed that sad mood enhanced the bias toward sad faces that is buffered by positive mood induction. In conclusion, these findings indicate that implicit approach avoidance behaviors in females depend on the emotional expression of infant faces and are associated with childhood caregiving experiences and current mood.