Understanding Lava Flow Morphologies and Structures for Hazard Assessment
Understanding Lava Flow Morphologies and Structures for Hazard Assessment
复制标题
了解熔岩流形态和结构以进行危险评估
作者：
S. Calvari
熔岩流表面形态就像一本书的页面。如果我们能够阅读那本书的文字，我们就能理解它的内容，并相应地学习、行动和反应。同样，如果我们了解熔岩表面形态，认识到它是如何形成的以及它在流动时造成的危险，我们就可以采取行动来保护我们的村庄、基础设施和当地居民免受熔岩流的侵袭。熔岩的表面是内在和外在品质的函数，它们的组合导致不同的形状、大小和复杂性，以及不同的危险。正如 2018 年 8 月在夏威夷发生的那样，高速扩散的初始席状流具有破坏土地的巨大潜力。然而，它们的破坏潜力随着时间的推移和距喷口的距离而显着降低。相反，从熔岩管的远端出口渗出的熔岩移动缓慢，但允许熔岩管扩张，逐渐缓慢地增加入侵更偏远地区的潜在危险。在本文中，我在生成喷发参数的框架内概述了各种熔岩流表面、形态和结构，以便提出初步但迅速的危险评估建议，这些评估可在全世界玄武岩火山喷发危机的初始阶段应用。
Lava flow surface morphologies are like pages of a book. If we are able to read the writing of that book, we can understand its content, and learn, act, and react accordingly. In the same way, if we understand lava surface morphology, recognise how it formed and the hazard it poses while flowing, we can adopt actions to protect from lava flow invasion our villages, infrastructures and local population. The surface of lava is a function of intrinsic and extrinsic qualities, and their combination results in different shapes, sizes, and complexities, as well as in different hazards. Initial sheet flows spreading at high speed have great potential for devastating land, as happened in Hawaii in August 2018. However, their destructive potential significantly decreases with time and distance from the vent. Conversely, lava oozing from the far exit of lava tubes moves slowly but allows the tubes to expand, increasing gradually and slowly the potential hazard for invasion of more remote lands. In this paper, I present an overview of diverse lava flow surfaces, morphologies and structures in a framework of their generating eruptive parameters, in order to suggest preliminary but prompt hazard evaluations that could be applied during the initial phases of effusive volcanic crises at basaltic volcanoes worldwide.