Evolution of processes and regulators of lipoprotein synthesis: From birds to mammals
Evolution of processes and regulators of lipoprotein synthesis: From birds to mammals
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/127.5.795s
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Davis, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, RA
哺乳动物脂蛋白在肝脏中合成并分泌到血浆中，在血浆中它们被靶向到特定组织。通过特定的细胞表面受体，肝脂蛋白被吸收，然后其脂质含量用于合成代谢和能量需求。由于血浆脂蛋白作为心血管疾病发展的危险因素所起的作用已得到公认，因此人们对了解其代谢和生物合成给予了极大的关注。本报告的主要重点是回顾在调节、合成、组装和分泌脂蛋白的脂质和蛋白组分中必不可少的基因产物的进化。使用原始卵黄蛋白原脂蛋白系统作为范例，我展示了如何代谢信号来自甾醇生物合成途径提供了一个协调的调控基因组装和分泌哺乳动物载脂蛋白B-脂蛋白。在较低的物种中，雌激素诱导卵黄蛋白原合成及其组织靶向（卵黄蛋白原受体）所需的基因的表达，这种协同诱导为卵巢提供脂质用于卵发育。在哺乳动物中，甾醇衍生的代谢信号调节脂蛋白合成和LDL受体所需的基因表达，该信号不与性别相关，为营养状况的变化提供了适应性优势。
Mammalian lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver and secreted into the blood plasma where they are targeted to specific tissues. Through specific cell surface receptors, hepatic lipoproteins are taken up and their lipid contents are then used for anabolic and energy requirements. Because of the well-established role that plasma lipoproteins play as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease, a great amount of attention has been directed toward understanding their metabolism and biosynthesis, The major focus of this report is to review the evolution of gene products that are essential in regulating, synthesizing, assembling and secreting the lipid and protein components of lipoproteins. Using the primordial vitellogenin lipoprotein system as the paradigm, I show how metabolic signals derived from the sterol biosynthetic pathway provide a coordinate regulation of genes necessary to assemble and secrete mammalian apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. In lower species, estrogen induces the expression of genes required for both vitellogenin synthesis and its tissue targeting (the vitellogenin receptor), This coordinate induction provides lipid to the ovaries for egg development. In mammals, a sterol-derived metabolic signal regulates the expression of genes required for lipoprotein synthesis and for the LDL receptor, This signal is not sex linked, providing an adaptive advantage to changes in nutritional status.