Investigating Variation in Island Effects: A Case Study of Norwegian Wh-Extraction.
Investigating Variation in Island Effects: A Case Study of Norwegian Wh-Extraction.
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研究岛屿效应的变化：挪威 Wh 提取案例研究。
DOI：
10.1007/s11049-017-9390-z
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Sprouse,Jon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kush,Dave;Lohndal,Terje;Sprouse,Jon
我们提出了一系列大规模的正式的可接受性判断研究，探讨挪威岛屿的现象，以跟进以前的意见，大陆斯堪的纳维亚语言，如挪威人接受违反某些岛屿的限制，是不可接受的，在大多数语言跨语言。我们测试了五种岛屿类型的wh-提取的可接受性：是否-，复杂NP，主题，附属物和关系从句（RC）岛屿。我们发现了明显的证据，主题和附属岛屿的影响wh提取。我们没有找到证据表明挪威人接受从复杂的NP和RC中提取wh。我们的参与者判断，从复杂的NP和RC中提取wh与主体和附属岛屿侵犯一样不可接受。最近的实验工作在其他语言如英语和意大利语中记录了挪威岛屿效应的效应模式（Sprouse et al. 2012，2016）。挪威的判断一直不同于以前的一个岛屿类型的调查结果：无论是岛屿。我们的研究结果表明，挪威人对“天气岛”效应的敏感性表现出显着的个体间差异，许多参与者对“天气岛”违规行为没有表现出任何敏感性。我们讨论了我们的研究结果的普遍性的方法岛屿的限制的影响。我们还提出了调和我们的结果与以前的观察方法，并提供了一个系统的实验框架，未来的研究可以调查因素，管理明显的岛屿不敏感性。
We present a series of large-scale formal acceptability judgment studies that explored Norwegian island phenomena in order to follow up on previous observations that speakers of Mainland Scandinavian languages like Norwegian accept violations of certain island constraints that are unacceptable in most languages cross-linguistically. We tested the acceptability of wh-extraction from five island types: whether-, complex NP, subject, adjunct, and relative clause (RC) islands. We found clear evidence of subject and adjunct island effects on wh-extraction. We failed to find evidence that Norwegians accept wh-extraction out of complex NPs and RCs. Our participants judged wh-extraction from complex NPs and RCs to be just as unacceptable as subject and adjunct island violations. The pattern of effects in Norwegian paralleled island effects that recent experimental work has documented in other languages like English and Italian (Sprouse et al. 2012, 2016). Norwegian judgments consistently differed from prior findings for one island type:whether-islands. Our results reveal that Norwegians exhibit significant inter-individual variation in their sensitivity to whether-island effects, with many participants exhibiting no sensitivity to whether-island violations whatsoever. We discuss the implications of our findings for universalist approaches to island constraints. We also suggest ways of reconciling our results with previous observations, and offer a systematic experimental framework in which future research can investigate factors that govern apparent island insensitivity.