Distribution and abundance of tree species in swamp forests of Amazonian Ecuador
Distribution and abundance of tree species in swamp forests of Amazonian Ecuador
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/ecog.00774
复制
发表时间：
2014-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Terborgh, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pitman, Nigel C. A.;Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara;Terborgh, John W.
到目前为止，对亚马逊沼泽的研究强化了这样一种印象，即那里的树木群落由能够在具有生理挑战性的条件下生存的一小部分、形态上专门的区域植物群主导。在这篇论文中，我们利用厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区旱地、洪泛平原和棕榈沼泽混交林的大规模树木调查数据，报告了生长在排水良好和饱和土壤上的树木群落比以前所认为的更相似。虽然我们的数据支持亚马逊沼泽林是以棕榈树为主的低多样性乔木群落的传统观点，但它们也揭示了四种迄今尚未在文献中得到很好记录的模式：1)这些沼泽林中的树木群落由30个常见和常见物种组成的系统发育多样性寡头统治；2)沼泽专家占10%的物种和少数树干；3)沼泽中记录的大多数树种(80%)也出现在邻近的排水良好的森林类型中；沼泽中的许多树种普遍存在于排水良好的森林中(例如，旱地寡头占所有沼泽树干的34.1%)。这些观察结果表明，与在温带地区一样，亚马孙沼泽植被的组成和结构是由当地尺度的环境过滤器(例如植物在永久饱和土壤中的存活)和景观尺度的模式和过程(例如邻近非沼泽生境中的乔木群落的组成和结构，繁殖植物从这些生境向沼泽的扩散)共同决定的。最后，我们提出了进一步研究的建议，以量化这些因素在亚马逊沼泽树木群落结构中的相对贡献。
Research to date on Amazonian swamps has reinforced the impression that tree communities there are dominated by a small, morphologically specialized subset of the regional flora capable of surviving physiologically challenging conditions. In this paper, using data from a large-scale tree inventory in upland, floodplain, and mixed palm swamp forests in Amazonian Ecuador, we report that tree communities growing on well-drained and saturated soils are more similar than previously appreciated. While our data support the traditional view of Amazonian swamp forests as low-diversity tree communities dominated by palms, they also reveal four patterns that have not been well documented in the literature to date: 1) tree communities in these swamp forests are dominated by a phylogenetically diverse oligarchy of 30 frequent and common species; 2) swamp specialists account for < 10% of species and a minority of stems; 3) most tree species recorded in swamps (> 80%) also occur in adjacent well-drained forest types; and 4) many tree species present in swamps are common in well-drained forests (e. g. upland oligarchs account for 34.1% of all swamp stems). These observations imply that, as in the temperate zone, the composition and structure of Amazonian swamp vegetation are determined by a combination of local-scale environmental filters (e. g. plant survival in permanently saturated soils) and landscape-scale patterns and processes (e. g. the composition and structure of tree communities in adjacent non-swamp habitats, the dispersal of propagules from those habitats to swamps). We conclude with suggestions for further research to quantify the relative contributions of these factors in structuring tree communities in Amazonian swamps.