Personality-situation transactions from adolescence to old age.
Personality-situation transactions from adolescence to old age.
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DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000054
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
C. Wrzus;G. Wagner;M. Riediger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Wrzus;G. Wagner;M. Riediger
人们可能会根据自己的个性选择和创造他们的日常环境。例如，先前的研究表明，与不那么外向或不那么认真的人相比，更外向的人更经常参与社交活动，更认真的人更经常参与与工作相关的活动。本研究考察了人们日常生活中的这种人格-情境交易。基于老年人比年轻人更了解自己和自己的个性的假设，我们调查了瞬间和近似的个性-情境关联（即，从一种情况变成另一种情况）随着年龄的增长而增加。378名年龄在14岁到82岁之间的人描述了他们的大五特质，并参加了为期3周的体验抽样阶段。在日常生活中使用基于手机的评估，参与者平均报告了55次他们的瞬间情况。多层次模型的结果表明，个性与情境的关联随着参与者的年龄而变化。一些“既定”的人格-情境关联，如外向性和与朋友相处的时间，或外向性和工作活动的时间，只在青春期和成年早期观察到。相比之下，其他人格-情境关联只出现在成年后期，比如开放性和与朋友相处的时间。然而，大多数个性-情境关联并不随人们的年龄而显著变化。此外，人格特质预测保持或进入人格一致的情况。后一个结果指出了人格在塑造一个人的环境中的积极作用。这些发现意味着，一些个性-情境交易在整个生命周期中可能基本相似。（PsycINFO数据库记录
People presumably choose and create their daily environments according to their personality. Prior research shows that, for example, more extraverted people engage more often in social situations, and more conscientious people engage more often in work-related activities compared with less extraverted or less conscientious people, respectively. The current study examined such personality-situation transactions in people's daily life. Based on the assumption that older people know themselves and their personality better than younger people, we investigated whether momentary and proximate personality-situation associations (i.e., changing from 1 type of situation into another) increase with older age. Three-hundred and 78 people aged 14 to 82 years described their Big Five traits and took part in a 3-week experience-sampling phase. Using mobile-phone based assessments in daily life, participants reported on average 55 times on their momentary situation. Multilevel modeling results showed that personality-situation associations varied with the age of participants. Some of the "established" personality-situation associations, such as for extraversion and time spent with friends or conscientiousness and time spent with work activities, were only observed in adolescence and young adulthood. In contrast, other personality-situation associations appeared only in late adulthood, such as for openness and time spent with friends. Yet most personality-situation associations did not vary significantly with people's age. In addition, personality traits predicted maintaining or entering personality-congruent situations. The latter results point to the active role of personality in shaping one's environment. The findings imply that some personality-situation transactions may be largely similarly across the life span. (PsycINFO Database Record