Exploring the origin of crop pathogens - host-specific toxin producing pathogens as the case study
Exploring the origin of crop pathogens - host-specific toxin producing pathogens as the case study
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探究作物病原体的起源——以宿主特异性产毒病原体为例
DOI：
10.1007/s10327-019-00874-6
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsuge;T.
在农业生态系统中，引入新作物品种或品种后的几年内经常会出现新的疾病。这些疾病被称为“人为疾病”，仅出现在对病原体基因敏感的新引进作物上。由于这些新疾病在引入新作物后很快出现，因此病原体很可能不是在种植开始后通过突变产生的，而是已经作为潜在病原体存在于人群中。病原体如何出现在田间？潜在病原体在遇到宿主作物之前如何以及在哪里生存并保持其致病性？关于作物病原体起源的信息仍然非常有限。自 1981 年以来，我一直致力于研究链格孢病原体，这种病原体会产生宿主特异性毒素 (HST)。真菌病原体产生的 HST 通常是低分子量的次级代谢产物，具有多种结构，在某些植物与病原体相互作用中充当控制致病性或毒力的效应子（Tsuge 等人，2013 年；Wolpert 等人，2002 年）。已知七种疾病是由产生 HST 的 A. alternata 引起的，这些疾病被认为是典型的人为疾病（Thomma 2003；Tsuge et al. 2013）。在这里，我根据现有的链格孢病原体信息讨论作物病原体的起源。
In the agroecosystem, new diseases often occur within several years after the introduction of a new crop species or cultivar. These diseases, referred to as “man-made diseases”, appear only on newly introduced crops that are genetically susceptible to the pathogens. Because these new diseases appear very soon after the introduction of a new crop, the pathogen most likely did not arise by mutation after cultivation began, but was already present in the population as a potential pathogen. How do pathogens emerge in the field? How and where do potential pathogens live and maintain their pathogenicity until they meet a host crop? Information on the origin of crop pathogens is still very limited. Since 1981, I have worked on Alternaria alternata pathogens, which produce host-specific toxins (HSTs). HSTs produced by fungal pathogens are generally low-molecular weight secondary metabolites with a diverse range of structures that function as effectors controlling pathogenicity or virulence in certain plant–pathogen interactions (Tsuge et al. 2013; Wolpert et al. 2002). Seven diseases are known to be caused by HST-producing A. alternata, and these diseases are thought to be typical man-made diseases (Thomma 2003; Tsuge et al. 2013). Here, I discuss the origin of crop pathogens on the basis of information currently available on A. alternata pathogens.