Biobanking and fertility preservation for rare and endangered species
Biobanking and fertility preservation for rare and endangered species
复制标题
DOI：
10.21451/1984-3143-ar889
复制
发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Comizzoli, Pierre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Comizzoli, Pierre
25年多来，系统地收集和冷藏来自不同野生物种的生物材料，以保存基因多样性，并改善圈养(异地)和野生(原地)动物的管理。生物材料的低温储存提供了广泛的机会--从帮助了解未研究物种的基本生物学到加强保护育种、基因组学和兽医。虽然几十年来一直在推动，但直到最近，保存野生动物物种的种质、组织、血液和DNA才被一些人认为是动物保护计划的核心功能。重要的是，生殖生物技术和保持生育能力是拯救和维护濒危物种的关键工具，与生物库密切相关。据报道，在保存计划中使用和整合人工授精(与新鲜或冷冻解冻的精液)取得了一些成功。然而，目前还没有一个野生物种通过卵母细胞冷冻或基于胚胎的技术进行管理。这主要是由于缺乏物种生物学知识，以及成功应用它们所需的设施、空间、专业知识和资金不足。需要对动物生殖生物学进行更多的基础研究以及更多的繁育保存选择，所有相关各方(生殖技术学家、动物园生物学家和自然资源保护者)都采取相应的努力来维持野生种群和栖息地。
For more than 25 years, systematic gathering and cryo-storage of biomaterials from diverse wild species have been ongoing to save gene diversity and improve captive (ex situ) and wild (in situ) animal management. Cryo-storage of biomaterials offers broad opportunities - from helping understand the fundamental biology of unstudied species to enhanced conservation breeding, genomics and veterinary medicine. While promoted for decades, the banking of germplasm, tissue, blood and DNA from wildlife species only recently has been considered by some to be a core function of animal conservation programs. Importantly, reproductive biotechnologies and fertility preservation are critical tools for saving and maintaining endangered species and are tightly related to biobanking. Some successes have been reported with the use and integration of artificial insemination (with fresh or frozen-thawed semen) in conservation programs. However, not a single wild species is currently managed through oocyte freezing or embryo-based technologies. This is primarily due to the lack of knowledge of species biology, as well as inadequate facilities, space, expertise, and funding needed for their successful application. More fundamental studies on animal reproductive biology as well as more fertility preservation options are needed with all parties involved (reproductive technologists, zoo biologists and conservationists) adopting parallel efforts to sustain wild populations and habitats