Global ecological footprint and spatial dependence between countries.
Global ecological footprint and spatial dependence between countries.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111069
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Manuel A. Zambrano-Monserrate;M. A. Ruano;Vanessa Ormeño-Candelario;Daniel A. Sanchez-Loor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Manuel A. Zambrano-Monserrate;M. A. Ruano;Vanessa Ormeño-Candelario;Daniel A. Sanchez-Loor
生态足迹是指人类活动对生态环境的影响，如农业、渔业、畜牧业和基础设施建设。高水平的生态足迹指数与自然资源的高消耗有关，这对环境造成了负面影响。考虑邻国影响的生态足迹及其影响因素的研究较少。因此，我们研究了158个国家的生态足迹是否具有空间相关性，以及它们的决定因素。我们从全球足迹网络和世界银行检索了十年（2007-2016）的数据，并应用动态空间杜宾模型。与以往的空间依赖性研究不同，本文从短期和长期两个维度，对生物承载力、贸易开放度和GDP对生态足迹的直接、间接和总体影响进行了估算。我们的研究结果发现显着的空间效应。研究发现，生物承载力、贸易开放度和GDP均会增加各国的生态足迹，但前两者在两个维度上均表现出显著的间接效应，而后者则表现出显著的直接效应。这些影响占生态足迹变化的很大一部分。最后，我们讨论了我们的研究结果对学术界和政策制定者的影响。
The Ecological Footprint is defined as the ecological impact caused by human activities, such as agriculture, fishing, raising livestock, and building infrastructure. A high level of Ecological Footprint index is linked to high consumption of natural resources, which causes a negative impact on the environment. Few studies analyze the Ecological Footprint and its determinants considering the effects of neighboring countries. Therefore, we research whether the Ecological Footprints of 158 countries are spatially correlated, as well as their determinants. We retrieve the data from the Global Footprint Network and the World Bank for ten years (2007–2016) and apply a dynamic spatial Durbin model. Unlike previous studies of spatial dependence, we estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of biocapacity, trade openness and GDP on the Ecological Footprint in the short-run and long-run horizons. Our results detect significant spatial effects. We find that biocapacity, trade openness and GDP increase the Ecological Footprint of countries, however, the former two exhibit significant indirect effects in both horizons while the latter one display significant direct effects. These effects account for a significant share of the variation of the Ecological Footprint. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results to academics and policymakers.