The motivational and emotional consequences of considering positive or negative possibilities for an upcoming event.
The motivational and emotional consequences of considering positive or negative possibilities for an upcoming event.
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考虑即将发生的事件的积极或消极可能性的动机和情感后果。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.63.3.474
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Showers,C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Showers,C
在2项研究中，对即将发生的事件的负面可能性的关注与更乐观的方法相比对绩效有优势的假设进行了检验。注意力的焦点，积极或消极的可能性的社会互动被操纵的S先前确定为乐观主义者或防御性悲观主义者在社会领域。在研究1中，消极关注的防御性悲观主义者比积极关注的防御性悲观主义者在几个维度（例如，谈话时间，感知努力和社交能力）上表现得更好。乐观主义者的行为不受焦点操纵的影响。然而，所有消极关注的学生在他们的谈话后感觉比积极关注的学生更糟糕。研究2考察了消极焦点可能导致积极行为的认知过程。一些悲观主义者可能会从最初的消极关注中受益，这种关注并不伴随着降低的期望，实际上有助于对自我的积极思考。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
The hypothesis that attention to negative possibilities for an upcoming event can have advantages for performance in comparison with a more optimistic approach was examined in 2 studies. Focus of attention to positive or negative possibilities for a social interaction was manipulated for Ss previously identified as optimists or defensive pessimists in the social domain. In Study 1, negatively focused defensive pessimists performed better in their conversations than positively focused defensive pessimists on several dimensions (eg, talk time, perceived effort, and sociability). Optimists' behavior was unaffected by the focus manipulation. However, all negatively focused Ss felt worse after their conversations than did positively focused Ss. Study 2 examined the cognitive process by which a negative focus may lead to positive behaviors. Some pessimists may benefit from an initial negative focus that is not accompanied by lowered expectations and that actually facilitates positive thoughts about the self.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)