Elucidating the surface macroplastic load, types and distribution in mangrove areas around Cebu Island, Philippines and its policy implications.
Elucidating the surface macroplastic load, types and distribution in mangrove areas around Cebu Island, Philippines and its policy implications.
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阐明菲律宾宿务岛周围红树林地区的表面宏观塑料负荷、类型和分布及其政策影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156408
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Paler MKO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paler MKO
菲律宾被确定为世界上主要的海洋塑料垃圾污染国之一，每年排放约75万吨海洋塑料垃圾。然而，由于研究有限，塑性问题的程度尚未得到系统的定义。因此，这项研究旨在对红树林地区塑料垃圾的出现情况进行量化，因为红树林地区由于其固有的捕获塑料的性质而起到塑料垃圾汇的作用。为了确定海岛范围内海洋塑料污染的程度，对宿务岛周围14个城市的红树林区域进行了抽样，根据红树林覆盖的海岸线长度，每个地点的横断面为3至9个。在横断面上的三个地点--陆地、中部和海洋--对塑料和红树林生态系统进行了采样和表征。共抽取4501件塑料制品，平均为1.29±0.67件/m2(18.07±8.79g/m2)。塑性载荷的平均分布分别为2.68±1.9项/m2(38.52±25.35 g/m2)、0.27±0.10项/m2(6.65±4.67 g/m2)和0.94±0.61项/m2(9.04±4.28 g/m2)。最常见的塑胶类型是i)包装、ii)胶袋和iii)塑胶碎片。塑料负荷和类型表明，困在红树林中的大多数塑料垃圾来自附近的社区。与捕鱼有关的塑料来自海洋，并在红树林范围内运输。研究结果证实，红树林是塑料垃圾的主要陷阱，可能会对海洋生态系统造成不利影响。该研究强调迫切需要采取减少废物的措施，包括教育、社区参与、基础设施、技术解决方案和支持政策。
The Philippines is identified as one of the major marine plastic litter polluters in the world with a discharge of approximately 0.75 million tons of marine plastic debris per year. However, the extent of the plastic problem is yet to be defined systematically because of limited research. Thus, this study aims to quantify plastic litter occurrence in mangrove areas as they function as sinks for plastic litter due to their inherent nature of trapping plastics. To define the extent of marine plastic pollution on an island scale, mangrove areas in 14 municipalities around Cebu Island were sampled, with 3 to 9 transects in each site depending on the length of coastline covered by mangroves. Sampling and characterization of both plastics and the mangrove ecosystem was performed in three locations along the transect – landward, middle, and seaward. A total of 4501 plastic items were sampled throughout the study sites with an average of 1.29 ± 0.67 items/m2(18.07 ± 8.79 g/m2). The average distribution of plastic loads were 2.68 ± 1.9 items/m2(38.52 ± 25.35 g/m2), 0.27 ± 0.10 items/m2(6.65 ± 4.67 g/m2), and 0.94 ± 0.61 items/m2(9.04 ± 4.28 g/m2) for the landward, middle, and seaward locations, respectively. The most frequent plastic types found were i) packaging, ii) plastic bags and iii) plastic fragments. The plastic loads and types suggest that most plastic wastes trapped in mangroves come from the nearby communities. Fishing-related plastics originated from the sea and were transported across the mangrove breadth. The findings confirm that mangroves are major traps of plastic litter that might adversely affect the marine ecosystem. The study underscores the urgent need for waste mitigation measures, including education, community engagement, infrastructure, technological solutions and supporting policies.