Oral cancer aetiopathogenesis; past, present and future aspects
Oral cancer aetiopathogenesis; past, present and future aspects
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DOI：
10.4317/medoral.16.e306
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Scully, Crispian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scully, Crispian
口腔癌的发病率似乎在增加，而死亡率在过去25年中几乎没有改善。更好地了解发病机制将导致更准确，更早的诊断和更有效的治疗，更少的不良反应。癌症是DNA突变自发产生的结果，也是各种诱变剂作用的结果，特别是烟草和酒精。一系列的基因变化最终会导致生长控制和自主性的丧失。对抗这些变化的机制是代谢致癌物质，修复DNA损伤，控制生长和抵御癌症。癌症是这些因素相互作用的结果。诊断越来越多地通过检测细胞和现在的分子变化来辅助。治疗越来越多地转向化疗，现在是基因治疗。然而，毫无疑问，预防是最重要的方面，特别是病人教育和减少生活方式的危险习惯和环境因素。
Oral cancer appears to be increasing in incidence, and mortality has hardly improved over the past 25 years. Better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis should lead to more accurate and earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments with fewer adverse effects. Cancer is the result of DNA mutations arising spontaneously and from the action of various mutagens, especially in tobacco and alcohol. A sequence of genetic changes leads eventually to loss of growth control and autonomy.Countering these changes are mechanisms to metabolise carcinogens, repair DNA damage, control growth, and defend against cancer. Cancer is a consequence of an interaction of these many factors. Diagnosis is increasingly aided by detection of cellular and now molecular changes. Treatment is increasingly looking towards chemotherapy and now gene therapy. However, there is no doubt that prevention is the most important aspect, particularly patient education and the reduction of lifestyle risk habits and environmental factors.