Simulating melt, runoff and refreezing on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, using a coupled snow and energy balance model
Simulating melt, runoff and refreezing on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, using a coupled snow and energy balance model
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DOI：
10.5194/tc-6-641-2012
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发表时间：
2012-06
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通讯作者：
W. V. Pelt;J. Oerlemans;C. Reijmer;V. Pohjola;R. Pettersson;J. V. Angelen
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作者：
W. V. Pelt;J. Oerlemans;C. Reijmer;V. Pohjola;R. Pettersson;J. V. Angelen
将分布式能量平衡模式与多层积雪模式相耦合，研究了斯瓦尔巴特群岛诺登斯基奥德布赖恩的物质平衡演变和复冻对质量收支的影响。该模式是用区域气候模式RACMO的输出和斯瓦尔巴群岛机场的气象数据强制进行的。进行了广泛的校准和初始化，以提高模型的精度。在-2010年期间，我们得到的平均净物质平衡为−0.39m W.E.A−1。再冷冻平均贡献0.27米西风。质量预算的−为1，在累积区最明显。模拟的质量平衡、辐射通量和次表层廓线与观测结果基本吻合。气候敏感性实验揭示了物质平衡、复冻和径流对温度和降水变化的非线性、季节性反应。结果表明，在气候变化中考虑季节性，夏季变暖不那么明显，降低了物质平衡和平衡线高度(ELA)估计在未来气候中的敏感性。重新结冰的数量对气候变化相当不敏感。
A distributed energy balance model is coupled to a multi-layer snow model in order to study the mass balance evolution and the impact of refreezing on the mass budget of Nordenskioldbreen, Svalbard. The model is forced with output from the regional climate model RACMO and meteorological data from Svalbard Airport. Extensive calibration and initialisation are performed to increase the model accuracy. For the period 1989–2010, we find a mean net mass balance of −0.39 m w.e. a −1 . Refreezing contributes on average 0.27 m w.e. a −1 to the mass budget and is most pronounced in the accumulation zone. The simulated mass balance, radiative fluxes and subsurface profiles are validated against observations and are generally in good agreement. Climate sensitivity experiments reveal a non-linear, seasonally dependent response of the mass balance, refreezing and runoff to changes in temperature and precipitation. It is shown that including seasonality in climate change, with less pronounced summer warming, reduces the sensitivity of the mass balance and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) estimates in a future climate. The amount of refreezing is shown to be rather insensitive to changes in climate.