Wind as an Ecological Agent at Treelines in North America, the Alps, and the European Subarctic
Wind as an Ecological Agent at Treelines in North America, the Alps, and the European Subarctic
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DOI：
10.2747/0272-3646.31.3.203
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
F. Holtmeier;G. Broll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Holtmeier;G. Broll
垂直林线交错带是一种风速和风向受当地山地地形以及林分分布格局和结构控制的多风环境。风可以覆盖的作用，热不足，在确定树线的位置，空间格局，生态条件和树木的生长。经常性的强风限制了树木的高度，通常会导致不对称和抑制生长的形式，这在树线交错区很常见。除了对树木和地面植被产生直接的生理和机械影响外，风还传播种子，使雪迁移，并局部侵蚀树木交错带的土壤。风的影响必须被认为是一个重要的因素，可能会延迟甚至阻止建立在风吹地形的苗木。在景观和较小尺度上讨论潜在的气候驱动的树线向上移动时，应更多地关注风的变化效应，因为变暖无法补偿这些其他因素。微网站的便利提供避风的相对重要性将增加与上坡迁移的树木限制到一个多风的环境。
The altitudinal treeline ecotone is a windy environment where wind velocities and directions are controlled by local mountain topography and also by the distribution pattern and structures of tree stands. Wind may override the role of heat deficiency in determining treeline position, spatial pattern, ecological conditions, and tree growth. Regular strong permanent winds restrict tree height and usually cause asymmetric and suppressed growth forms that are common in the treeline ecotone. Apart from direct physiological and mechanical effects on trees and ground vegetation, wind also disperses seeds, relocates snow, and locally erodes soils in the treeline ecotone. Wind effects must be considered an important factor that may delay or even preclude establishment of seedling trees on wind-swept terrain. Discussions of a potential climatically driven upward shift of the treeline at the landscape and smaller scales should give greater attention to the varying wind effects because warming cannot compensate for these other factors. The relative importance of microsite facilitation providing shelter from the wind will increase in parallel with the upslope migration of the tree limit into a much windier environment.