Structural, neuronal, and functional adaptive changes in atrophic rat ileum
Structural, neuronal, and functional adaptive changes in atrophic rat ileum
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DOI：
10.1136/gut.45.2.236
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Ekblad, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ekelund, KM;Ekblad, E
背景：肠道的不活动导致萎缩性变化，其中鲜为人知。目的：研究旁路大鼠回肠的结构、神经元和功能变化。方法：采用形态测定法对萎缩变化进行表征。采用免疫细胞化学和原位杂交技术研究肠神经元的数量、神经递质表达和Cajal间质细胞的存在。在体外研究运动活动。结果：旁路回肠的适应性改变包括肠壁的萎缩和重塑。每单位长度的粘膜下和肌肠神经元总数在搭桥后1周和4周增加，但在搭桥后10周与假手术肠相同。在旁路回肠中，表达血管活性肠肽、神经肽Y或垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽的神经元数量逐渐减少。表达一氧化氮合酶的神经元增多，尤以肌肠神经节为明显。Cajal间质细胞的频率和分布未见明显变化。电刺激假手术回肠引起的收缩反应包括一个快速的胆碱能抽动，随后是一个较慢的非肾上腺素能、非胆碱能收缩。旁路回肠出现相同的双相收缩；然而，整个反应是非肾上腺素能的非胆碱能的。假手术回肠对电刺激的松弛反应是一氧化氮介导的；旁路后是无氮的。结论：搭桥后大鼠回肠出现明显萎缩。肠神经系统在神经递质的释放和表达方面与神经元细胞的死亡和可塑性发生反应。
Background-Inactivity of the gut leads to atrophic changes of which little is known.Aims-To investigate structural, neuronal, and functional changes occurring in bypassed rat ileum.Methods-Morphometry was used to characterise the atrophic changes. The numbers of enteric neurones, their expression of neurotransmitters, and the presence of interstitial cells of Cajal were studied using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation. Motor activity was studied in vitro.Results-Adaptive changes in bypassed ileum include atrophy and remodelling of the gut wall. The total numbers of submucous and myenteric neurones per unit length increased one and four weeks after bypass but were identical to sham operated intestine 10 weeks after bypass. Neurones expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, or pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide decreased gradually in number in bypassed ileum. Nitric oxide synthase expressing neurones were increased, particularly in the myenteric ganglia. No change in the frequency and distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal was noted. The contractile response elicited by electrical stimulation of sham operated ileum consisted of a fast cholinergic twitch followed by a slower non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic contraction. In the bypassed ileum an identical biphasic contraction was elicited; however, the entire response was nonadrenergic non-cholinergic. The relaxatory response to electrical stimulation in sham operated ileum was nitric oxide mediated; after bypass it was nonnitrergic.Conclusions-Notable atrophic changes were seen in the rat ileum after bypass. The enteric nervous system reacted with neuronal cell death and plasticity in terms of release and expression of neurotransmitters.